Nigeria Property Centre
Prime Apartment
Premium
17
₦60,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Prime Apartment

Experience comfort and convenience in this fully furnished 2-bedroom apartment in the secure Thera Annex Estate, Sangotedo, Ajah. Ideal for short stays, the apartment features ensuite bedrooms, a modern kitchen with an oven, microwave, and refrigerator, and a cozy dining area. Stay entertained with Netflix, high-speed internet, and games like snooker and chess. Enjoy 24/7 electricity with solar backup, a washing machine, and a serene, gated environment with round-the-clock security. Located close to Giwa Gardens, VGC, Lagos Business School, Novare Mall, beaches, and essential services like supermarkets and restaurants, this apartment offers the perfect balance of relaxation and accessibility. Note: No parties allowed. 60,000 if you are staying upto 5days, if not it's 70k a day. Open for negotiation if staying longer days Book now for a luxurious Lagos experience!

Abiodun Prime Apartment, Goodnews Estate, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets
Prime Waters Properties
Studio Apartment
Premium
4
₦1,000,000 /mo

Self contain (single rooms) short let

Studio Apartment

Brand-new cozy Studio Apartment with blend of comfort, charm, and convenience. Perfect for travelers, working professionals, families, and style-conscious guests looking for a modern, elegant home away from home. Our fully serviced apartments designed for both short stays and extended comfort. Features: Stylishly furnished living space 24/7 Fast Speed Internet 24/7 Uninterrupted Power Supply 24/7 High Profile Security Furnished Kitchenette Chef Available On Request Smart Tv In All Rooms Free On-Premises Parking Netflix & Amazon Prime Washing Machine Serene Environment 4/5 minutes' drive to Novare Mall, Lufasi Nature Park, Giwa Gardens, Lakowe Golf Resort, iFitness Gym and Autobiography Lounge. 25 Minutes from Eko Atlantic Using the Coastal Road.

4, Gbemisola Close, Vintage Estate, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
1 Baths 1 Toilets 2 Parking 45 sqm
La Vintage Apartelle
1 Bedroom Apartment
Premium
7
₦1,200,000 /mo

Mini flat (room and parlour) short let

1 Bedroom Apartment

La Vintage Apartelle is a brand-new cozy 1 bedroom apartments blend of comfort, charm, and convenience. Perfect for travelers, working professionals, families, and style-conscious guests looking for a modern, elegant home away from home. Our fully serviced apartments designed for both short stays and extended comfort. Features: Stylishly furnished living space 24/7 Fast Speed Internet 24/7 Uninterrupted Power Supply 24/7 High Profile Security Furnished Kitchenette Chef Available On Request Smart Tv In All Rooms Free On-Premises Parking Netflix & Amazon Prime Washing Machine Serene Environment 4/5 minutes' drive to Novare Mall, Lufasi Nature Park, Giwa Gardens, Lakowe Golf Resort, iFitness Gym and Autobiography Lounge. 25 Minutes from Eko Atlantic Using the Coastal Road.

4 Gbemisola Close, Vintage Estate, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
1 Beds 1 Baths 1 Toilets 2 Parking
La Vintage Apartelle
Premium Plots of Land with C of O Along the Expressway
Premium
10
₦109,500,000

Mixed-use land for sale

Premium Plots of Land with C of O Along the Expressway

Marbella luxury and smart estate Marbella Luxury and Smart Estate is a premier destination where modern living and business opportunities converge. It is strategically located along the Lekki-Epe Expressway. Marbella offers the perfect blend of luxury, convenience and ìt is a mixed-use development designed to cater to both residential and commercial needs. Infrastructure: Perimeter Fencing: Motorable & Accessible Road Good Drainage System Estate Gate House Electricity Shopping Mall What Can I Build On My Plot in Marbella ? Bank Tech hub High Rise Apartment Plaza/ Shopping Mall Eatery Cinema Hotel Hospital Warehouse For Finished Goods Office Buildings etc *pre- launch prices*- all inclusive residential plots 300sqm @ ₦86.5 million 500sqm @ ₦109.5 million 1,000 Sqm( Commercial Plot)- N250 million neighbourhood Fairmont Green & Smart Estate Dangote refinery Novare Mall Lekki Trade Zone Lakowe Golf Cocharis Group Pan-Atlantic University Property Title: Government Allocated Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)! Investors can be rest assured of the legality and security of their investments, providing peace of mind and long-term value appreciation. Embark on a journey of luxury and convenience at Marbella Luxury & Smart Estate, where every detail is meticulously crafted to redefine the essence of contemporary living! For Enquries: Pls Call 08068495986

Lekki-Epe Express Way, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
500 sqm
Able Worldmart Services
920SQM Premium Plot in a Fully Developed Estate
Premium
1
₦230,000,000 per plot

Mixed-use land for sale

920SQM Premium Plot in a Fully Developed Estate

Giveaway sale -- prime land in sangotedo, lagos! Opportunities like this are rare! Secure a 920sqm premium plot in a fully developed and highly sought-after estate off Monastery Road, Sangotedo, Eti-Osa, Lagos---one of the fastest-appreciating locations on the Lekki corridor. Why this property? Prime location in an already developed estate Ready-to-build land Excellent road network Secure and serene environment Ideal for luxury residential or commercial development High investment and resale potential Title: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) Asking Price: ₦230 Million (Excellent Value -- Priced to Sell) There's option for half plot Whether you're looking to build your dream home, develop luxury apartments, or secure a high-value investment, this is an opportunity you don't want to miss. Call/WhatsApp: +2347059962471 Email: [email protected] [email protected] PropertySage Limited -- Connecting You to Premium Investment Opportunities.

On Monastery Road, Novare Mall, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
920 sqm
Propertysage Limited
4 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex
Premium
7
₦200,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

4 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex

For sale An Exclusive & Spacious 4-Bedroom Fully Detached House Located in a Serene and Secure Neighborhood. Estate Name: Pearl Nuga Court Estate, Sangotedo Lagos Title Document: Certificate Of Occupancy Features includes: - Newly built - ⁠Serene Environment - ⁠Paved Road - ⁠All Rooms En-suite - ⁠Spacious Rooms - ⁠Pop Ceiling - ⁠Steady Electricity Supply - ⁠Ample Packing Space - ⁠Maximum Security - ⁠Gated and Secured Estate - ⁠Fully Fitted Kitchen - ⁠Water Heater - ⁠Good Drainage System - ⁠Steady Water Supply - ⁠Balcony - ⁠Dining Area - ⁠Family Lounge Landmarks: Giwa Gardens, Pearl Gardens Estate, Monastery Road, Novare Mall, The New Costal Road, 3minutes drive to Lekki Epe Expressway. Updated Price: Finished Units 200 Million

Off Monastery Road, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 4 Parking
Khaffie Global Realty LTD
Developable Structure Sitting on a Plot Measuring Approximately600sqms
Premium
20
₦200,000,000

Detached bungalow for sale

Developable Structure Sitting on a Plot Measuring Approximately600sqms

Developable Structure Sitting on a Plot Measuring Approximately 600 Square Meters at Crown Estate, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos. Features: - Very prime and well located property - Excellent real estate investment (rapid rate of capital appreciation) - Suitable for residential development - Very attractive price - It can be closed (purchased) asap and it's on the basis of 'first come, first served' - Close proximity to Lekki Epe Expressway, Novare Mall, Blenco Supermarket, Lagos Business School, Ajah, Lekki, Victoria Island, Ikoyi, etc. - Title: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) Price: N200million For further enquiries/arrangements for inspection, please contact: Chris: +2348177766115 (Call/ WhatsApp) Tola: +2348177766008(Call/ WhatsApp) Damola:+2348177766183(Call/WhatsApp) Bluehedge Realtors - Estate agency and Property marketing - Real estate development and Advisory Tel: +234-8032065685 (Call/ WhatsApp), 08177766110-9 (Call/ WhatsApp) Website: www.bluehedgerealtors.com Email: [email protected] Instagram: @bluehedgerealtors

Crown Estate, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
4 Beds
Bluehedge Realtors
Luxury 2-Bedroom Apartment with Separate Fitted Kitchen
Premium
11 Video
₦7,500,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Luxury 2-Bedroom Apartment with Separate Fitted Kitchen

Luxury 2-bedroom apartment with separate fitted kitchen Chevyview Estate, Chevron, Lekki Financial Breakdown - Rent: ₦7,500,000 - Service Charge: ₦900,000 - Agreement Fee: ₦750,000 - Agency Fee: ₦750,000 - Caution Fee: ₦750,000 Total Package: ₦10,650,000 Features Spacious 2-Bedroom Apartment Separate Fully Fitted Kitchen Visitor's Toilet Private Balcony Massive Fitted Wardrobes Self-Rechargeable Meter Spacious Living Area Secure Estate Good Road Network Nearby Landmarks - Chevron Headquarters - Lekki Conservation Centre - Chevyview Estate - Circle Mall - Novare Mall (Shoprite), Sangotedo - Lekki-Epe Expressway For Inspection & Enquiries The Main Properties Ltd 08059120606 08134731529 themainproperties.com.ng 01WLR

Chevy View Estate, Chevron, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets 2 Parking
The Main Properties LTD
Spacious Mini Flat with Close-Fitted Kitchen
Premium
5 Video
₦4,500,000 /yr

Mini flat (room and parlour) for rent

Spacious Mini Flat with Close-Fitted Kitchen

Spacious mini flat with close-fitted kitchen Canal West Estate, Osapa Lekki Financial Breakdown - Rent: ₦4,500,000 - Service Charge: ₦850,000 - Agreement Fee: ₦450,000 - Agency Fee: ₦450,000 - Caution Fee: ₦450,000 Total Package: ₦6,700,000 Features Spacious Mini Flat Close-Fitted Kitchen Spacious Living Room & Bedroom Swimming Pool Mini-Mart Personal Meter Secure Estate Good Road Network Nearby Landmarks - Pinnock Beach Estate - Circle Mall - Chevron Drive - Shoprite (Novare Mall), Sangotedo - Lekki Phase 1 - Lekki-Epe Expressway For Inspection & Enquiries The Main Properties Ltd 08059120606 08134731529 themainproperties.com.ng 01WLR

Canal West Estate, Osapa London, Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
1 Beds 1 Baths 1 Toilets 1 Parking
The Main Properties LTD
Spacious Mini Flat with Separate Kitchen, Store & Balcony
Premium
8 Video
₦3,500,000 /yr

Mini flat (room and parlour) for rent

Spacious Mini Flat with Separate Kitchen, Store & Balcony

Spacious mini flat with separate kitchen, store & balcony Canal West Estate, Osapa Lekki (2nd Floor) Financial Breakdown - Rent: ₦3,500,000 - Service Charge: ₦850,000 - Agreement Fee: ₦350,000 - Agency Fee: ₦350,000 - Caution Fee: ₦350,000 Total Package: ₦5,400,000 Features Spacious Mini Flat Separate Fitted Kitchen Store Private Balcony 2nd Floor Apartment Secure Estate Good Road Network Prime Osapa Location Nearby Landmarks - Pinnock Beach Estate - Circle Mall - Chevron Drive - Shoprite (Novare Mall), Sangotedo - Lekki Phase 1 - Lekki-Epe Expressway For Inspection & Enquiries The Main Properties Ltd 08059120606 08134731529 themainproperties.com.ng 01WLR

Canal West Osapa London, Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
1 Beds 1 Baths 1 Toilets 1 Parking
The Main Properties LTD
Standard Studio Apartment with Separate Fitted Kitchen
Premium
5 Video
₦3,000,000

Self contain (single rooms) for rent

Standard Studio Apartment with Separate Fitted Kitchen

Standard studio apartment with separate fitted kitchen Chevyview Estate, Chevron, Lekki Financial Breakdown - Rent: ₦3,000,000 - Service Charge: ₦700,000 - Agreement Fee: ₦300,000 - Agency Fee: ₦300,000 - Caution Fee: ₦300,000 Total Package: ₦4,600,000 Features Spacious Studio Apartment Separate Fitted Kitchen Separate Prepaid Meter Spacious Living Area Secure Estate Good Road Network Prime Chevron Location Nearby Landmarks - Chevron Headquarters - Lekki Conservation Centre - Chevy View Estate - Circle Mall - Novare Mall (Shoprite), Sangotedo - Lekki-Epe Expressway For Inspection & Enquiries The Main Properties Ltd 08059120606 08134731529 themainproperties.com.ng 01WLR

Chevy View Estate, Chevron, Lekki, Lagos
1 Baths 1 Toilets 1 Parking
The Main Properties LTD
3 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ
Premium
18
₦120,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

3 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ

Exquisite Craftsmanship Meets Ultimate Comfort. Step inside this newly finished, 2-4-bedroom terrace duplex in Sangotedo. Every detail has been meticulously curated from custom-made bespoke finishing to spacious living areas. This architectural gem sets the standard for luxury living, seamlessly combining indulgence with modern functionality. Prepare to be captivated by the sheer grandeur and sophistication this residence offers, where every corner is a testament to elegance and modern allure. This glorious estate has all you need, including a master suite that embodies lavish comfort, this home envelops you in a cocoon of relaxation. -------------------------------------------- Amenities: 1. State-of-the-art security with CCTV cameras 2. Playground For Kids 3. Gym House 4. 24/7 power supply 5. Adequate Car Park Facilities 6. Smart Street Lights 7. Clean Water -------------------------------------------- Neighbourhood: 1. Lagos Business Schools 2. Novare Mall Shoprite (Shoprite) 3. Mayfair Gardens 4. Lufasi Nature Park -------------------------------------------- Prices: - 2 bedroom with bq @ 105 million * 3 Bedroom with bq @ 120 million For enquiries/inspections. Contact: 09043135508

Ajayi Apata, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 2 Parking
Dannaproperties
3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ
Premium
10
₦117,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ

The Apartments, Sangotedo, Lekki Lagos The Apartments is a premium residential development located at Sangotedo, Lekki featuring 110 modern 1, 2, and 3-bedroom apartments with BQ. It is located between Blenco Mart and Novare Mall (Shoprite). This gated community offers 24/7 security, a gym, and a central generator. Other Key Features and Amenities in the estate are 24hours CCTV surveillance, bio-digester sewage system, borehole & water treatment plant, and a central generator. Lifestyle: Features a mini supermarket, kids' playground, and an entertainment area. Title: Governor's Consent and Certificate of Occupancy. Promo Prices: 1 Bedroom Apartment (Penthouse): N97m 2 Bedroom Apartment (Type A) : N107m 2 Bedroom Apartment (Bigger/TYPE B): N117m 3 Bedroom Apartment + BQ: N127m 3 Months Payment Plan Initial Deposit: 70% For enquiries and inspection, Contact Shiloh Homes And Properties today

Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
Shiloh Homes and Properties
5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with BQ
Premium
12
₦150,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with BQ

5-Bedroom Fully detached duplex + BQ and security post. The property is situated in Abijo GRA. Beautiful, Contemporary and Well finished 5-Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex + BQ that comes with a Security house, Laundry room, Box room and ample Parking Space of 4 cars. A Solid structure with a functional and well planned spaces. Location: Abijo GRA Scheme. Strategically located near landmarks such as Novare Mall(Shoprite Sangotedo), Lufasi Nature Park, Caleb British Int'l School, offering both convenience and good connectivity. Key features Spacious Living area and rooms All Rooms Ensuite and very spacious Walk in Shower cubicle (10mm Temp glass) Security house Laundry and storage room Spacious balconies Water heaters Modern Pop designs Ceiling sound Speakers Surveillance CCTV Cameras Very Spacious and Decently fitted Kitchen. Functional Light and water system Compound with a Parking Space of up to 4 cars Good road network leading to Lekki-Epe Expressway. Etc price: 150M address: Abijo GRA property land size: 440 SQMTS land title: C of O deed of assignment registered general survey land allocation letter. Contact: 09043135508

Abijo GRA, Abijo, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 4 Parking
Dannaproperties
Land in a Strategic Sought After Location
Premium
2
₦160,000,000 per plot

Mixed-use land for sale

Land in a Strategic Sought After Location

Right Beside Novare Mall- Land for Sale directly on monastery road - few walking steps to the Shoprite (Novare Mall). Land size: 10 plots (total size - 5000 square metres) Description: Bare, dry and fully fenced land. Details: This land is in a premium location - directly on Monastery Road - it is a walking distance to the Lekki Expressway - it is just few walking steps from the Novare Mall. The land is ideal for any investor ready to build a hotel, event centre, residential accommodation and any other purpose. The land is really premium. Directly on Monastery Road. Price: 160 million per plot. A minimum of two plots can be sold.

Right Beside Novare (Shoprite) Mall - Monastery Road, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
5000 sqm
Workbase Nigeria
Prime Estate Lands
Premium
5 Video
₦47,000,000 per plot

Mixed-use land for sale

Prime Estate Lands

Land With Government Allocation in Abijo GRA Close to The Coastal Road - Own land in Lagos' Next Lekki Phase 1 Before Prices Double This estate is strategically located between Sangotedo and Awoyaya. It is 15--20 minutes drive to Lekki Phase 1 & Victoria Island via coastal road. Plus Lagos a development by Tov Homes and it comes with flexible payment plans and instant allocation plus fast documentation process after payment. Location: Abijo GRA, by Coastal Road title: Government Allocation plot sized/prices: 300SQM - 29.5M 500SQM - 47M Prices are All-Inclusive initial deposit: 5million to 10million payment plans: 0-3months Outright 6moths 10% Interest 12months 20% Interest nearby landmarks Proximity to Various Gated Estates Very Close to Avocado Terraces, Abijo Trekable Distance to The Coastal Road Very Close to the Chois Garden Abijo Chalcedony Schools Novare Mall (Shoprite) Our Lady Mother of Mercy Catholic Church Five Clover Hotels Lagos Business School Ambiance Beach Club Lufasi Nature Park Less Than 5Minutes Drive From Lekki-Epe Expressway Estate Features Perimeter Fencing Gate House Street Lightings Drainage Systems Accessible Road Network 24hours Security Recreational Spaces Plus Lagos is not just an estate, but a lifestyle and a lifetime investment opportunity. Build your dream home in a secured and organized environment. Don't miss this opportunity to invest and own part of the Plus Lagos. Properties in Abijo are experiencing steady appreciation due to infrastructure expansion. For site inspection and further inquiries, contact us

Abijo, Lekki, Lagos
500 sqm
Touch of Valentine Homes and Interiors LTD
3 Bedroom Apartment with C of O
Premium
12
₦100,000,000

House for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment with C of O

This 3-bedroom apartment is located in Lekki Scheme 2, Ogombo --- a fast-developing area in Ajah. The property is in close proximity to key landmarks such as Abraham Adesanya Roundabout, Novare Mall, Lagos Business School (LBS), and Charterhouse School, Lagos. This property features a very modern design, spacious living room, ensuite bedrooms, fitted kitchen with cabinets, family lounge, walk-in-shower, wardrobes, pop celing, interlocked compound floor and parking space. Title: C of O Kindly call for more information and to schedule an inspection.

Lekki Scheme 2 Estate, Ogombo, Ajah, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
17 Three Digital Realtors
6 Bedroom Detached Duplex with 2 Rooms Stewards Quarters
Premium
15
₦7,000,000 /yr

Detached duplex for rent

6 Bedroom Detached Duplex with 2 Rooms Stewards Quarters

This property is located in Destiny Homes, Abijo, Ajah. It is accessible via the Lekki-Epe Expressway, Abijo GRA Road, and Sangotedo Monastery Road. The estate is near key landmarks such as Novare Mall, Lufasi Nature Park, Sky Mall, and Caleb British International School, ensuring convenience and connectivity. This 6 bedroom detached duplex features: - Spacious living room - Fitted kitchen with cabinet - Kitchen store - pop ceiling - 4 bedrooms en-suite - Walk-in-shower - Water heater - Wardrobe - Balcony - Gatehouse - 2 rooms stewards quarters - Interlocked compound floor - Parking space Kindly call for more information and to schedule for inspection.

Destiny Homes, Abijo, Lekki, Lagos
6 Beds 6 Baths 7 Toilets
17 Three Digital Realtors
5 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with BQ & Governor's Consent
Premium
12
₦200,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with BQ & Governor's Consent

Sangotedo is a fast-growing, high-potential suburban area located along the Lekki--Epe Expressway in Lagos. Positioned between Ajah and Ibeju-Lekki, it provides easy access to the Lekki Free Trade Zone and other emerging developments. The area also enjoys close proximity to key landmarks such as Novare Mall (Shoprite), Blenco Supermarket, and Lagos Business School, making it a convenient and attractive location for both living and investment. This 5 bedroom semi detached duplex features: - Spacious living room - pop ceiling - Fully fitted kitchen - All bedrooms ensuite - Family lounge - Wardrobes - Walk-in-shower - Water heater - Balcony - Stamped concrete compound floor - Parking space Title: Governor's Consent & Building Approval Kindly call for more information and to schedule for inspection.

Thera Annex Estate Road, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets
17 Three Digital Realtors
4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with Governor's Consent
Premium
11
₦140,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with Governor's Consent

Ajah is a developing residential and commercial area located along the Lekki-Epe Expressway, It is widely known for its relative affordability compared to Lekki and Victoria Island. The area features a mix of traditional communities and modern gated estates, with notable neighborhoods such as Badore, Addo, and Sangotedo contributing to its growth and diversity. Ajah also serves as a key commercial hub, with a blend of local markets and large shopping centers, including the Novare Mall in nearby Sangotedo. This property itself features: - Serene environment - All Rooms Ensuite - Spacious Rooms - BQ - pop Ceilings - Spotlights - Fully Fitted Kitchen - 24/7 Electricity Supply - Dining Area - Interlocked Streets - Concrete Floor - Water Treatment Plant - Balconies - Outdoor Lights - Water Heaters - Aesthetic Light Fittings - Chandeliers - Quality wardrobes Title: Governor's Consent Kindly call for more information and to schedule for inspection.

Mobil Road, Ajah, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets
17 Three Digital Realtors

Showing 1–20 of 269 properties

Area Guide

About Lagos, Nigeria

Lagos is a port and the most populous city in Nigeria. It is the second fastest-growing city in Africa and the seventh in the world. The population of Lagos according to the Lagos State Government, was 17.5 million. These figures are however disputed by the Nigerian Government and judged unreliable by the National Population Commission of Nigeria. The latest reports estimate the population at 21 million, making Lagos the largest city in Africa.

Lagos is a metropolitan area which originated on islands separated by creeks, such as Lagos Island, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon while protected from the Atlantic Ocean by long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to 100 kilometres (62 miles) east and west of the mouth. From the beginning, Lagos has expanded on the mainland west of the lagoon and the conurbation, including Ikeja (which is the capital of Lagos) and Agege, now reaches more than 40 kilometres (25 miles) north-west of Lagos Island. Some suburbs include IkoroduEpe and Badagry, and more local councils have recently been created, bringing the total number of local governments in Lagos to 57.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

There are 269 available flats, houses, land and commercial property near Novare Mall, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.