Nigeria Property Centre

Property in Lekki, Lagos

There are 54,196 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for sale and rent in Lekki. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Neighbourhoods
1st Roundabout 2nd Roundabout 2nd Toll Gate Admiralty Homes Estate Admiralty Road Ajiran Road Alma Beach Estate Alperton Estate Alpha Beach Alpha Beach Estate Alpha Beach Road Arcadia Grove Estate Atlantic Estate Atlantic View Estate Bakare Estate Bayview Estate Bera Estate Bourdillon Court Bridge Gate Estate Brookhill Park Estate Brownstone Estate Buena Vista Estate Cadogan Estate Cadogan Place Estate Canal West Estate Cardogan Estate Carlton Gate Estate Chevron Alternative Route Chevron Drive Chevron Toll Gate Chevy View Estate Chois Gardens Estate Cooplag Gardens Estate Cowrie Creek Estate Cromwell Court Estate Cyberville Estate Eastland Golf Estate Eleganza Estate Elf Estate Estates Estates Estates Estates Fara Park Estate Femi Okunnu Estate Flourish Gate Garden Freedom Way Friends Colony Estate Frisco Court Goshen Estate GRA Green Park Estate Hampton Bay Estate Heirs Park Estate Horizon II Estate House on the Rock HRC Estate Idado Estate Ikota County Estate Ikota Villa Estate Inoyo Havens Estate Itedo Estate Ivy Luxuria Estate Jakande First Gate Jordan Brooke Estates Kusenla Road Lakeview Estate Lekki Conservation Centre Lekki County Estate Lekki Gardens Horizon 1 Lekki Pearl Garden Lekki Scheme 2 Lekki Scheme I LSDPC Estate Maiyegun Beach Estate Manor Gardens Estate Marwa Megamound Estate Melrose Park Estate Milverton Estate Mobil Estate Mobolaji Johnson Estate Napier Gardens Estate New Horizon Estate New Road Nicon Town Northern Foreshore Estate Oba Oyekan Estate Ocean Bay Estate Ocean Breeze Estate Oluwanishola Estate Oral Estate Orchid Estate Orchid Road Paradise Estate Parkview Estate Peach Palms Pearly Gate Estate Periwinkle Lifestyle Estate Pinnock Beach Estate Prime Water View Estate Providence Street Richmond Gate Estate Romay Gardens Estate Royal County Estate Royal Haven Estate Royal Pine Estate Safe Court Apartments Seagate Estate Silicon Valley Estate Southern View Estate South Pointe Estate SPG Road Spring Bay Estate Spring Garden Estate Stillwaters Garden Estate The Grandeur Estate TPDC Estate Treasure Garden Estate Tulip Heaven Estate Twin Lake Estate U3 Estate UPDC Estate Valley Stream Estate Van Daniel Estate Victoria Bay Estate Victoria Crest Estate Victoria Park Estate Victory Park Estate Vintage Park Estate Westend Estate Western Foreshore Estate White Oak Estate Willow Greens Estate Woodland Estate Zion Court Estate
Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Luxury 4 Bedrooms Terraced Duplex with BQ
23 photos
₦30,000,000 /yr

Terraced duplex for rent

Luxury 4 Bedrooms Terraced Duplex with BQ

Lovely 4 bedroom duplex with a bq available for rent. Renovation is completed. Lekki right hand, through pinnacle gas station Rent: ₦30,000,000 Service charge - sc is shared amongst residents usually between ₦230k-250k. Legal: ₦5% non-negotiable Agency: ₦5% non-negotiable Caution refundable fee: ₦3m Total package : ₦36m Service charge is paid monthly. Property details Pool Gym General open lounge Kitchen fully fitted Generator is determined by residents Transformer Clean water 24 hours security Cctv cameras 150kva generator 80kva generator Lovely neighbourhood Flood free area Shower cubicle Private parking Stamp concretes Call akin for inspection: 08067495852 Call akin for inspection: 08067495852

Plot 134, Ayodele Odubiyi Street, by Pinnacle Gas Station, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 2 Parking

Lake Pad Ventures

Contact Agent
Brand New Luxury 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex
Premium
13
₦480,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Brand New Luxury 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex

Brand new Luxury and Spacious 5 bedroom detached duplex + bq Luxury at its peak Lovely 5 bedroom detached home All rooms en-suite a room bq Luxury Swimming pool Fitted Kitchen 24hr man security Pop ceiling Fitted AC Ample parking Serene environment Good drainage system Lots more

Megamound Estate, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 5 Parking
S a Reality
Exquisitely Finished 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with Pool
Premium
22
₦450,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Exquisitely Finished 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with Pool

Exquisitely finished 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with Bq in Lekki County Homes House Features: () Newly built () Spacious Rooms () Swimming pool () Bq () Secured well gated estate () 24/7 Security Agency fee:5%

Lekki County Homes, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 6 Parking
Joseli Global Resources Limited
Luxurious 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with BQ
Premium
18
₦400,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxurious 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with BQ

Luxurious 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with Bq in Lekki County Homes House Features: ().Brand New () Swimming pool () Bq () All rooms Ensuite () Detailed Finishing () Fully fitted kitchen with Accessories () Walking Closet () Walking shower () Jacuzzi () Automated/ Sport light () Stamped concrete floor () 24 Hours Security () Family lounge () Beautiful Chandeliers () Great Ambience ().Bullet proof Doors Need to see Agency fee:.5%

Lekki County Homes, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 5 Parking
Joseli Global Resources Limited
Luxury 3 Bedrooms
Premium
7
₦180,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Luxury 3 Bedrooms

Luxury 3 bedroom apartment 24hr power Security Housekeeping WiFi

Kayode Otitoju Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds
Clayboard Nigeria Limited
Luxury 4 Bedroom Massonette
Premium
7
₦350,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Luxury 4 Bedroom Massonette

For sale brand new 4 bedroom maisonette with swimming pool & gym :Lekki phase 1, Lagos. :₦350,000,000 Rental value: ₦20 million per annum Features ; -All rooms ensuite -Fully fitted kitchen -Lift -Fully fitted bathrooms -Ample parking spaces -Water treatment Title: Governor's consent & building plan approval Jude ifejirika ikota agt

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 5 Toilets
Ajah Properties Dev and Construction LTD
Contemporary 5 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex
Premium
14 Video
₦1,000,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Contemporary 5 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex

Contemporary 5 bedroom semi detached duplex home with BQ, elevator, open terrace rooftop, swimming pool, 2 fitted kitchen & 4-car parking space. Brand new contemporary and luxurious 5 Bedroom semi detached duplex built with state of art designs, With quality interior & exterior features. Has an ample parking space, well maintained drainage network in a high profile neighborhood that is a serene & secured environment. Amenities: - [ ] Brand New - [ ] Contemporary Design - [ ] All rooms en-suite - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing - [ ] Aesthetic Designs - [ ] Well ventilated - [ ] Quality Tiles - [ ] Wardrobes - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor - ⁠[ ] Luxury Bath Tub - [ ] BQ - [ ] Cinema - [ ] Open Terrace Rooftop - [ ] Swimming pool - [ ] CCTV cameras - [ ] Ample Parking Space - [ ] Serene & Secured Environment

Ikate Elegushi, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets
Bellis Luxe Realty
Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex
Premium
12 Video
₦470,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex

For sale... Contemporary 5 bedroom fully detached duplex with excellent facilities. Featuring a BQ, swimming pool, family lounge, fitted kitchen and 4-car parking space. Brand new contemporary and luxurious 5 Bedroom fully detached duplex built with state of art designs, With quality interior & exterior features. Has an ample parking space, well maintained drainage network in a high profile neighborhood that is a serene & secured environment.. Amenities: -[ ] Brand New -[ ] Contemporary Design - [ ] All rooms en-suite - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing -[ ] Aesthetic Designs -[ ] Well ventilated -[ ] Quality Tiles - [ ] Wardrobes - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor - ⁠[ ] Luxury Bath Tub -[ ] Family Lounge - [ ] BQ -[ ] Swimming pool -[ ] CCTV cameras -[ ] Ample Parking Space -[ ] Serene & Secured Environment

Lekky County, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 4 Parking
Bellis Luxe Realty
5 Bedrooms Duplex with Private Compound
Premium
10 Video
₦230,000 /day

Terraced duplex short let

5 Bedrooms Duplex with Private Compound

Book our newly furnished luxurious 5 bedroom terrace duplex with a private Caution: 100k Location: Ocean Bay Estate, Orchid Road, Lekki Features: Gated and Secured Estate ⁠24/7 Power Supply ⁠Seren environment ⁠Super fast internet ⁠Snooker board ⁠Table Tennis ⁠Netflix/ YouTube/ DSTV ⁠Family Game Lounge ⁠Air Spaced Balcony Lounge ⁠En-suite rooms ⁠Parking Space ⁠Equipped kitchen ⁠Washing machine ⁠Jacuzzi bath (master bathroom) * ⁠Housekeeping Can be given as 3/4/5 beds respectively Note: Smoking allowed only at master's bedroom balcony, and at the backyard instagram link bellow https://www.instagram.com/reel/DNtnqOxWIRC/?igsh=MXVicjZiY3N4Z3gzbg==

Orchid, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 5 Parking
Micon Homes and Interiors
820M2 Dry, Table Land
Premium
4
₦650,000,000

Residential land for sale

820M2 Dry, Table Land

820m2-dry, table land at chevvy view estate(overseeing chevron drive), lekki, lagos. Title: governor's consent. Price; n650 million.

Chevy View, Lekki, Lagos
Emmanuel Okafor & Co
Luxury & Minimalist 3 Bedroom Duplex
Premium
13
₦165,000 /day

Terraced duplex short let

Luxury & Minimalist 3 Bedroom Duplex

3-bedroom Duplex apartment at Orchid Road ============ Key Features: - Spacious Kitchen - Swimming Pool - Well Equipped Gym - Football Court - Snooker Game - 24-hour Power - Fast Internet (Starlink) - Private Car Park And many more. Location:Victoria Bay, Orchid Road.

Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds
Drofproperties
A Luxury Super Clean 2 Bedroom Apartment
Premium
13
₦160,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

A Luxury Super Clean 2 Bedroom Apartment

A luxurious 2 Bedroom fully serviced apartment available for a short let. The property is situated in a well secured environment of Ikate. it's 24 hours security and power. Price: N160K per night Minimum of 3 nights booking Facilities provided are : -24 hours maximum security with mobile police -24 hours power supply. - regular and treated water supply. - swimming pool - fully equipped gym house -cleaning service with change of beddings and towel. -full dstv channels -street lights available in the estate for good visibility in the night. - waste disposal services - 2 parking space. - unlimited

Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets 2 Parking
Deola Luxe Realty Limited
Newly Built 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with Pool
Premium
3
₦550,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Newly Built 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with Pool

Newly built 5bedroom fully detached duplex with swimming pool for sale pprice: 550Million location: Ikota, Lagos Features: - Brand New - Luxury Living - Terrace - Swimming Pool - All Rooms Ensuite - Fully Fitted Kitchen - Family Lounge - Bluetooth Speakers - Pop ceiling - Spacious Rooms - Aesthetic Light Fittings - Modern Structure - Spacious Rooms - Spotlights - Balconies - Interlocked Streets - Secure Estate - Great Neighborhood - Cctv Camera - 24 Hours security - Concrete floor - BQ - Water Heater - Walk-In Showers

Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 5 Toilets 4 Parking
Loyalty Homes Limited
Premium
₦8,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Properly Refurbished 2 Units of 2 Bedroom Flats (Upper Floor) All Rooms En-Suite

To let Properly refurbished 2 units of 2bedroom flats(upper floor) all rooms en-suite + guest toilet + private prepaid meter off freedom way Rent: ₦6.5m/unit S.c: ₦800k Caution: 10% Agency and legal fees apply Note: Tenants come with their generators

Off Freedom Way, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets
Exquisite Global Ventures
Clean 3 Bedroom Flat Fully Serviced
Premium
2
₦8,500,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Clean 3 Bedroom Flat Fully Serviced

𝐑𝐞𝐧𝐭 .... Up 8.5m.... Down 7.5m 𝐀𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐟𝐞𝐞 𝟏𝟎% 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐞𝐞 𝟏𝟎% 𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐞𝐞 𝟭𝟬% 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞........ 10% 𝗩𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗼 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁 =𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗯𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 =𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗥𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝗖𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐈𝐍𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐖𝐈𝐍𝐆.... 𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭: 𝐉𝐎𝐄 𝐁𝐋𝐄𝐒𝐒 𝐇𝐎𝐌𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟓𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟔. Custom

Chevy View Estate, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
Joe Bless Homes and Properties
Cozy and Luxuriously Furnished 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex, PS5, Snooker
Premium
15
₦170,000 /day

Terraced duplex short let

Cozy and Luxuriously Furnished 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex, PS5, Snooker

Cozy and Luxuriously Furnished 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex PS5 Snooker Available Now Luxuriously furnished, 4-bedroom terrace duplex with 2 living rooms, located in a serene and secure estate with Access control Rate: 4 Bedroom ₦170k a monthly rate is also available upon request. T&C apply Location: Ikota, Lekki, Lagos Fully furnished and serviced with the following features: - PS5 with Preloaded games - All rooms en-suite - 24-hour power and security - Amazon Prime - Unlimited Internet Access - DSTV - Netflix - Smart TVs in all spaces - Fully Furnished and Equipped Kitchen - Washer/Dryer - Private parking - 2 Living Rooms - Housekeeper on Request - Snooker - Car hire Service and Hotel Pickup on demand - Private Chef on Demand ---------------------------- For Enquiries: +2348180003827, +2349018621600, +2348036803104 [email protected] Follow us on Instagram and Facebook @egcentlussoshortlet Follow us on social @egcentlussoshortlet @egcentproperty @egcentland

Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 1 Parking
Egcent Limited
Luxuriously Furnished 4 Bedrooms Terraced Duplex Serviced Estate
Premium
8
₦145,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Luxuriously Furnished 4 Bedrooms Terraced Duplex Serviced Estate

Luxuriously Furnished 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex For Sale sale price: Unfurnished: 145M furnished, 170M located in a serene and secure estate with Access control Location: Ikota, Lekki, Lagos Fully furnished and serviced with the following features: - All rooms en-suite - Smart TVS in all rooms - Fiber Internet Access - DSTV - Smart TVs in all spaces - Fully Furnished and Equipped Kitchen - Washer/Dryer - Private parking - 2 Living Rooms - Snooker ---------------------------- For Enquiries: +2348180003827, +2349018621600, +2348036803104 [email protected] Follow us on Instagram and Facebook @egcentlussoshortlet Follow us on social @egcentlussoshortlet @egcentproperty @egcentland

Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
Egcent Limited
Privately Gated 3 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with PS5
Premium
12
₦160,000 /day

Semi-detached duplex short let

Privately Gated 3 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with PS5

Privately Gated 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex Fully Serviced Luxuriously Furnished, Self-Compound/privately gated, this 4-bedroom semi-detached duplex features 2 living rooms, 4 en-suite bedrooms, and a visitor's toilet. The well-equipped kitchen also boasts Living rooms with 86- and 75-inch smart TVs. It is located in the same community as Victoria Crest 3, on Orchid Road, a secure estate with access control. Minutes away are shops, supermarkets, Lounges, and everything in between. Rate: 160K per day Also available for monthly lease Location: Augusta Amadi, Off Orchid Road, Lekki, Lagos Note: Power: generator/PHCN and inverter backup Fully furnished and serviced with the following features: - All rooms Ensuite - 24-hour power and security - Amazon Prime - Complimentary Unlimited Internet Access - DSTV dual view - Netflix - Smart TVs in all spaces - Fully Furnished and Equipped Kitchen - Washer/Dryer - Private parking - 2 Living Rooms - Housekeeper on Request - Snooker, Table Tennis - PS5 - Chess Board ---------------------------- For Enquiries and inspection: ---------------------------- For Enquiries: +2348180003827, +2349018621600, +234803 680 3104 [email protected] Follow us on Instagram and Facebook @egcentproperty Follow us on social @egcentlussoshortlet @egcentproperty @egcentland

Augusta Amadi, Off Orchid Road, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 2 Parking
Egcent Limited
Brand New 2 Bedroom Apartment in a Gated Area
Premium
12
₦145,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Brand New 2 Bedroom Apartment in a Gated Area

This 2 bedroom apartment is within an apartment building comprising 2 and 1 bedroom apartments. The apartment features a guest toilet, a dedicated dining area, a kitchen and 2 ensuite bedrooms. The living is already fitted with a TV console with spot lights and rope lights already installed. It is located on a gated street off SPG road, Ologolo road also known as Amadasun Road divides Ologolo and Igbo Efon and the street is to the left of SPG Road. The street is interlocked with good drainage and doesn't flood. Title: Governor's Consent Kindly call for more information or to schedule an inspection.

Off SPG Road, Ologolo, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets
17 Three Digital Realtors
4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex in a Serviced Estate
Premium
15
₦275,000,000

House for sale

4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex in a Serviced Estate

This is a brand new 4 Bedroom Terrace duplex in a mini estate setting comprising of detached duplexes, terrace duplexes and apartments. It is located at the end of Platinum Way, behind Nicon Town Estate, Ikate also by Osapa London just in front of the Beach Resort Estate. The Groundfloor of this4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex features the guest bedroom, a spacious living room, a kitchen with a pantry and a guest toilet. The first floor features the family lounge, an atrium, 3 bedrooms including the masger bedroom that features a walk in closet, a massive sized wardrobe, a super spacious bathroom and a balcony overlooking the estate. Features: - Serene Environment - Swimming Pool - Spacious Rooms - Fully Equipped Gym - Good Access Road - Ample Parking Space - 24hrs CCTV Surveillance Title: Governor's consent Kindly call for more information and schedule for inspection.

Beach Resort Estate, Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 3 Baths 5 Toilets
17 Three Digital Realtors
Luxury 2 Bedroom Serviced Apartments
Premium
1
₦170,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Luxury 2 Bedroom Serviced Apartments

Shortlets available (2 bedroom serviced apartment) Location: Chisco, Ikate Features Swimming pool wifi Serene environment Ample parking space Spacious rooms Fully fitted kitchen 24 hours security with CCTV 24 hours electricity Well ventilated spaces Videos are available on request Starting at 170k per night

Chisco, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets 2 Parking
Ascsl

Showing 15,261–15,281 of 54,196 properties

Area Guide

About Lekki, Nigeria

Lekki is a city located in the eastern part of Lagos. Lekki is a naturally formed peninsula, adjoining to its west Victoria Island and Ikoyi districts of Lagos, with the Atlantic Ocean to its south, Lagos Lagoon to the north, and Lekki Lagoon to its east; however, the city's southeast which ends at around the western edge of Refuge Island, adjoins the eastern part of Ibeju-Lekki LGA. 

The peninsula is approximately 70 to 80km long, with an average width of 10km. Lekki currently houses several Estates, gated residential developments, agricultural farmlands, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.

Read the full area guide
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

There are 54,196 available flats, houses, land and commercial property in Lekki, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.