Nigeria Property Centre

Property for Sale in Ikoyi, Lagos

There are 6,512 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for sale in Ikoyi. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Property type
Flats Houses Commercial Property Land
Browse by area in Ikoyi
Banana Island Falomo Old Ikoyi Osborne Parkview
Neighbourhoods
2nd Avenue Estate 3rd Avenue Abacha Estate Abdullahi Adamu Estate Awolowo Road Banana Island Bourdillon Road Cooper Road Dolphin Estate Estates Gerrard Road Grenadines Skyvilla Mojisola Onikoyi Estate Osborne Foreshore Estate Osborne Phase 1 Osborne Phase 2 Queen's Drive Shoreline Estate
Features
Furnished Unfurnished
All localities in Lagos

1,021–1,041 of 6,512 properties for sale

Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Ultra Luxury 6-Bedroom Detached House
11 photos Video
₦4,800,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Ultra Luxury 6-Bedroom Detached House

For sale 6-bedroom fully detached house meticulously crafted and cloaked in sophistication. Banana Island, Ikoyi Lagos Features - Spacious 6 Ensuite Bedrooms Detached House + 2 BQs - Private Cinema - Swimming Pool - Smart Home Automation - Surround Sound System - Very Spacious Living Room - Cosy Family Lounge - Roof-Top Terrace - Walk-in Closet - Elevator - Ample Parking - Study - Gym - Continuous Electricity with Back Up Power - Laundry - 24/7 surveillance _Elevate your lifestyle at the Acropolis 2, Where Luxury meets Serenity!_ For more enquiries or to schedule a private inspection ️ +2347025004779 [email protected] https://siacaroyalle.com IG https://www.instagram.com/siacaroyalle WhatsApp: wa.me/+2347025004779

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
6 Beds 7 Baths 7 Toilets

Siaca Royalle LTD

Verified Agent

Contact Agent
Premium
₦3,300,000

Land for sale

Rare 3, 537M2 of Premium Trophy Asset

Rare 3,537 SQM Prime Land -- Bourdillon Road, Ikoyi* *Location:* Bourdillon Road, Ikoyi, Lagos --- Nigeria's Most Prestigious Address *Size:* 3,537.279 Square Meters *Title:* Federal Allocation C of O Obtainable within 90 Days *Price:* ₦3,300,000 per sqm *Total: ₦11.67 Billion* *Flexible Option:* Subdivision available --- purchase 50% of the parcel *The Opportunity* Own a generational asset on Bourdillon Road, Ikoyi's ultra-exclusive boulevard. This 3,537+ sqm of prime land is one of the last sizable plots available for acquisition on this iconic stretch. A true legacy investment for developers and hni buyers. *Why This Land Commands Attention:* - *Location, Location, Location:* Bourdillon Road is synonymous with wealth and influence. Neighbors include diplomatic missions, billionaire residences, and corporate HQs. Unmatched capital appreciation and prestige - *Scale & Versatility:* At 3,537 sqm, the site is ideal for a luxury high-rise, branded residences, flagship corporate HQ, or private estate. Half-plot purchase option lowers entry barrier - *Clean Title Structure:* Federal Allocation with C of O processed and obtainable within 90 days. Transaction designed for smooth, secure closure - *Development Ready:* Level topography, prime shape, and frontage on Ikoyi's most coveted road. Immediate commencement possible post-acquisition - *Connectivity:* Minutes to Ikoyi Link Bridge, Victoria Island, Falomo, and Lagos Island CBD *Who Should Buy:* Real estate developers, family offices, institutional investors, and visionaries looking to deliver a landmark project in Lagos' #1 address. *Due Diligence & Inspection:* Full documentation available for review. Site inspection strictly by appointment with verified buyers. _Serious enquiries only. Broker mandates welcome with pof._

Ikoyi, Lagos
3337 sqm
The Build Centre Properties
Premium
₦4,200,000,000

Land for sale

Prime Located 1000M2 Parcel on Offer

Prime 1,000 SQM Land -- Banana Island, Ikoyi* *Location:* Residential Zone, Banana Island Estate, Ikoyi, Lagos *Size:* 1,000 Square Meters *Title:* Federal Certificate of Occupancy *Price:* ₦4,200,000 per sqm net *Total: ₦4.2 Billion* *Investment Highlights* Secure one of the last remaining parcels in Nigeria's most exclusive and prestigious residential enclave. This 1,000 sqm of prime dry land offers unparalleled value for discerning investors and developers seeking to build bespoke luxury residences in Banana Island. *Key Features:* - *Location Advantage:* Situated in the highly sought-after residential axis of Banana Island, offering privacy, prestige, and capital appreciation - *Title Document:* Federal C of O for unencumbered, verifiable ownership - *Development Ready:* Flat topography, dry land, ideal for immediate construction of mansion, terrace units, or luxury apartments - *Estate Benefits:* 24/7 armed security, world-class infrastructure, paved roads, drainage, central power & water supply - *Neighborhood:* Proximity to Ikoyi Club, Falomo, Victoria Island CBD, and top international schools *Ideal For:* High-net-worth individuals, real estate developers, and institutional investors looking to establish a signature presence in Lagos' most coveted address. *Inspection & Documentation:* Inspection strictly by appointment. All relevant documents available for due diligence. Ref#ed

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
1000 sqm
The Build Centre Properties
Spacious 6 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with Pool, Gym, Study Room
Premium
18
₦2,700,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Spacious 6 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with Pool, Gym, Study Room

Available for sale Spacious 6 bedroom fully detached duplex with pool, gym, study room, entertainment area and 2bqs Location: old ikoyi Price: n2. 7 billion Document c of o Features: - all rooms ensuite - gym - automated smart home - fully fitted kitchen - fitted house with modern finishing - pop ceiling - high ceiling 3. 5meters high - secured estate - stamp concrete floor - water heater - modern light fixtures - all rooms ensuite - spotlights - high finished kitchen - kitchenette - dining area - interlocked streets - modern structure - family lounge - concrete floor - balconies - outdoor lights - flowers and art works - swimming pool - good road with zero flood 100 For enquiries and inspection purposes contact 08039683624, 08092871361 or send dm to us #lagosrealestate #trendingreels #nigeriansindiaspora #newlisting #luxuryhomes

Ikoyi, Lagos
6 6 7 4
Brookstel Properties LTD
Contemporary 5 Bedroom Waterfront Fully Detached Duplex
Premium
15
$5,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Contemporary 5 Bedroom Waterfront Fully Detached Duplex

Contemporary 5bedroom waterfront fully detached duplex for sale. Amenities: - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing - [ ] Wardrobes - [ ] Luxury Finishing - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor - ⁠[ ] Bq - ⁠[ ] Swimming pool - [ ] Gym Location :ikoyi lagos Price: $5M asking

Ikoyi, Lagos
5
Nazeef247 Homes and Properties LTD
Luxury 4-Bedroom Maisonette with BQ.
Premium
8
₦2,000,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Luxury 4-Bedroom Maisonette with BQ.

BRZ-2026-0445 Luxury 4-Bedroom Maisonette with Bq for Sale. Price: ₦2,000,000,000m (₦2B) Service charge: NYD Title: C of O Ikoyi, Lagos. Features: Bq 5 toilets Ample parking space Modern finishing Ensuite rooms Secured environment Swimming pool Fitted gym. For More Information or to Schedule a Viewing: Email: [email protected] WhatsApp: 07055551088 Instagram: @brazenproperties TikTok: @brazen.properties

Ikoyi, Lagos
4 5
Brazen Properties Limited
Luxury 4-Bedroom Furnished Duplex
Premium
9
₦900,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 4-Bedroom Furnished Duplex

BRZ-2026-0447 Luxury 4-Bedroom Furnished Detached Duplex for Sale. Price: ₦900,000,000m (₦900m) Service charge: Nil Title: C of O Ikoyi, Lagos. Features: Ensuite rooms Secured environment Ample parking space Fitted gym 24-hour power supply 2 generators. For More Information or to Schedule a Viewing: Email: [email protected] WhatsApp: 07055551088 Instagram: @brazenproperties TikTok: @brazen.properties

Ikoyi, Lagos
4
Brazen Properties Limited
Exclusive 4 Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplex with Cinema, Gym, Pool & 2 BQ
Premium
8
₦1,700,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Exclusive 4 Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplex with Cinema, Gym, Pool & 2 BQ

EC00132 Exclusive 4 Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplex with Cinema, Gym, Swimming Pool & 2 BQs for Sale in Ikoyi Lagos Situated within a prestigious residential enclave in Ikoyi, this exceptional 4 bedroom semi-detached duplex offers premium lifestyle amenities, contemporary architecture, and outstanding investment potential. Located in a Prime Location with a Prestigious Address, this move-in ready residence is ideal for luxury family living, expatriate executives, and discerning investors. Location: Ikoyi, Lagos 5 minutes drive to Ikoyi Club 1938 Price: ₦1,700,000,000 Title: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) + Building Approval Property Features - 4 spacious en-suite bedrooms - 2 Boys' Quarters (2 BQs) - Spacious living area - Guest bathroom - Swimming pool - Private cinema - Gym house - Outdoor lounge - Children's playground - Electric vehicle charging station - Premium bathroom wares - Security doors - Fully fitted kitchen - Private balconies - Ample parking space - Secure Estate environment - Serene surroundings - Excellent natural lighting and ventilation Investment Highlights - Prime Location within one of Lagos' most prestigious residential districts - Exceptional Investment Opportunity with strong wealth preservation benefits - Excellent Capital Appreciation potential in a blue-chip real estate market - Strong High Rental Yield prospects from expatriate and executive tenants - Prestigious Address highly sought after by high-net-worth individuals - Exclusive development with premium lifestyle amenities - Move-In Ready luxury residence - Secure Estate offering privacy and long-term desirability - Family-Friendly Neighborhood with world-class infrastructure - Expatriate-Friendly location close to business districts and diplomatic zones - High Resale Value within the Ikoyi luxury property market - Rare opportunity in a highly sought-after residential enclave Neighbourhood Landmarks - Ikoyi Club 1938 - Lagos Polo Club - Bourdillon Road - Osborne Foreshore Estate - Banana Island - Victoria Island Business District For Enquiries & Private Inspection Edmund Castle International Realty london - dubai - lagos +234 802 268 9293 WhatsApp: +44 7917 905490 [email protected] Instagram: @edmundcasle.lagos Dubai Listings: @edmundcastle.uae

Ikoyi, Lagos
4 4 4
Edmund Castle Properties
Premium
₦5,500,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Detached Smart House with Cinema, Gym, Pool & Elevator

Luxurious 5 Bedroom Detached Smart House With Cinema, Gym, Swimming Pool, 2 Rooms Bq and Elevator Available For Sale location: Banana Island Price: N5.5B Title: Clean Federal & State features - Contemporary Modern Architecture - Detailed Tasteful Finishing - Modern Luxury Appurtenances - Ample Car Park - Mind Blowing Lightings - Beautiful Fitted Wardrobes - Stamp Concrete Floor - Spacious Living Areas - Dining Area - Luxury Sanitary Wares - Family Lounge - Balconies - Swimming Pool - Fully Fitted Kitchen - Integrated Audio Music System - Boy's Quarter - Secure Access Control And Gated Estate - Fantastic Neighbourhood ⁠ Are You Looking To Buy.Sell.Invest.Lease? We Are Here To Assist With Any and All Of Your Real Estate Needs! Call for more details and viewing: London: WhatsApp/Call 07050604442/ 08032659756

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 6 6 4
London Homes Limited
Exquisite Contemporary Designed 6 Bedroom Detached House with 2BQS
Premium
25
₦2,700,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Exquisite Contemporary Designed 6 Bedroom Detached House with 2BQS

Exquisite Contemporary Designed 6 Bedroom Detached House with 2 Rooms Staff Quarters For Sale. Features: - 24hours power supply - Communal Swimming pool - Equipped gym - An anteroom - Fitted kitchen with pantry - Fitted with Central Air Conditioning and Split Units - Integrated Audio System - Spacious livingroom and bedrooms - Dinning area - Family lounge upstairs - Rooftop terrace - Box Room - Home office - Large Balconies - Walk-in Closet - All rooms en-suite - Modern design and finishing - 2 rooms staff quarters - Private compound, can park 4cars - State of the Art security, - Prime location, proximity to major places, e.t.c. Price Listing: 2.7 Billion Naira Location: Ikoyi, Lagos Title Documents: Lagos State C of O, Building Approval For further enquiries and inspection bookings, kindly Contact Aruofeg Enterprise: 08074577210 or 08057989376

Off Bourdillon Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 5 6
Aruofeg Enterprise
Luxurious Off Plan 4 Bedroom Maisonettes
Premium
7
₦4,000,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Luxurious Off Plan 4 Bedroom Maisonettes

Welcome to the one bourdillon, a stunning 15-floor architectural masterpiece that defines elegance, exclusivity, and prestige. Nestled in Bourdillon, Ikoyi---Lagos' most coveted address---this ultra-premium development offers spacious twelve 4-bedroom maisonettes with a maid's room and a private study , two 5 bedroom penthouses on three floors, designed for those who demand nothing but the best. Crafted with world-class Italian design and outfitted with state-of-the-art smart home technology, each residence is a sanctuary of comfort and sophistication. In partnership with Bang & Olufsen, every home comes with the Ferrari Edition sound system, ensuring an immersive and luxurious living experience. 15 floors of pure luxury, offering breathtaking views of Ikoyi and the Lagos skyline Expansive 4-bedroom maisonettes with maid's quarters, perfect for modern family living Spacious living areas with floor-to-ceiling windows, ensuring abundant natural light and panoramic views Custom-designed bathrooms featuring premium European fittings for a spa-like experience Wet & dry fully fitted luxury kitchen, equipped with top-tier appliances and elegant finishes Private external terraces for serene outdoor relaxation State-of-the-Art Facilities High-speed elevators for seamless access across all 15 floors Adequate parking with both basement and car-level floor options for convenience 24/7 concierge and advanced security systems, ensuring absolute peace of mind Smart home automation to control lighting, climate, and security with ease 24/7 power supply for uninterrupted living Exclusive Lifestyle & Entertainment Amenities Sophisticated recreational lounge with an elegant café for social gatherings Private cinema room for an immersive entertainment experience Fully equipped gym & wellness center with state-of-the-art fitness technology Resort-style swimming pool for relaxation and leisure Children's play area designed for fun and safety For those who desire the pinnacle of luxury, the one bourdillon offers expansive Ultra luxurious 5 bedroom ensuite penthouses spanning three floors, featuring: A private rooftop lounge for entertaining in style and offering panoramic city views. A personal swimming pool, offering unmatched privacy and indulgence a dedicated private elevator, ensuring seamless movement across all levels.

35 Bourdillon, Ikoyi, Lagos
4 4 5 5
Best Investment Pro
Water-Front Land Measuring 2200 SQM
Premium
5
₦3,800,000

Residential land for sale

Water-Front Land Measuring 2200 SQM

2200sqm Water-front Land located within Residential Zone, Banana Island Estate, Ikoyi, Lagos. Features include: Water-front plot; Suitable for Development of Town Houses, Block of Apartments or single Private Residence; etc. Sale Price is NGN3,800,000 (THREE million eight hundred thousand NAIRA) per Square Meter. Federal Certificate of Occupancy (C of O). All pricing are as at december 27, 2025 and subject to adjustment. Kindly note: (1) All enquiries could be made between 8:00am -- 7:00pm (Monday -- Friday) and between 8:00am -- 2:00pm (Saturdays); (2) Our offices (including phone-lines) are closed on Sundays; (3) Viewing/inspection is only by appointment; (4) We require 24-Hour (minimum) advance notice for property viewing/inspection; (5) You can also reach us via these channels: [email protected]; +234(0)8059149400; +234(0)8188040221. Best Regards.

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
2200 sqm
First Colony Real Estate Company LTD
Massive Water-View Residential Land Measuring 5100 SQM
Premium
5
₦1,500,000

Residential land for sale

Massive Water-View Residential Land Measuring 5100 SQM

Water-View Residential Land measuring 5100 sqm within Parkview Estate, Ikoyi, Lagos. Features include: Suitable for development of Residential Court of Terrace houses, detached and/or semi-detached duplexes, Block of Apartments, etc.; Low-traffic prone neighbourhood; Flood-free neighbourhood; etc. Sale Price is NGN1,500,000 (ONE million five hundred thousand NAIRA) per Square Meter. Title is Lagos State C of O. All pricing are as at 30TH july, 2025 and subject to adjustment. Kindly note: (1) All enquiries could be made between 8:00am -- 7:00pm (Monday -- Friday) and between 8:00am -- 2:00pm (Saturdays); (2) Our offices (including phone-lines) are closed on Sundays; (3) Viewing/inspection is only by appointment; (4) We require 2-Hour (minimum) advance notice for property viewing/inspection; (5) You can also reach us via these channels: [email protected]; +234(0)8059149400; +234(0)8188040221. Best Regards.

Parkview Estate, Parkview, Ikoyi, Lagos
5100 sqm
First Colony Real Estate Company LTD
(Off Plan) Luxury and Super Executive Finished 3 Bedroom Apartment
Premium
15
$595,902

Flat / apartment for sale

(Off Plan) Luxury and Super Executive Finished 3 Bedroom Apartment

(off plan) luxury and super executive finished 3bedroom apartment for sale at glover road ikoyi lagos this property is in a very serine neighborhood with good ambiance 50% installment and spread balance over 18 months for all our luxury apartments in victoria island for sale apartment types also available : (1). 3bedroom apartment with bq price : 595,902 dollar location: in a serine neighborhood of glover road ikoyi lagos* general facilities & amenities: 1. Concierge 2. Fully fitted kitchen 3. Stamped floor 5. Wrap around balconies for flats 8. Large adults & kids swimming pool 9. Large fitness centre 12. Trash chutes on each floor 13. Elevator 14. Gym apartments amenities: 1. 2-5 car parks dependent on apartment type 2. 24/7 power supply 3. Floor to ceiling windows 4. Fully fitted kitchen 5. 4m ceilings 1. Hvac 6. 24/7 security & surveilance systems 7. *project completion date is 24months for more details contact us tel: 07014452974

Glover Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
3 3 4
R.W Properties & Consultant LTD
Off Plan Luxury Super Executives 2 Bedrooms Apartment with BQ
Premium
6
₦370,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Off Plan Luxury Super Executives 2 Bedrooms Apartment with BQ

Off plan Super Luxury Executive Finished 2Bedriom Apartment with Bq for sale At Parkview Estate Ikoyi Lagos Location: In a very serine Neighborhood of Parkview Estate feactures Elevator Swimming pool Gym Well finished 247 security En-suite bedrooms Water treatment Fully fitted kitchen Serenity Excellent rental value Ample parking space Smoke extractor Island counter top Heart of Parkview Estate Air conditioning Installed in All Rooms Estate neighborhood Restaurant, Shops etc 247 Power Title: C of O Price N370M

Parkview, Ikoyi, Lagos
2 2 3
R.W Properties & Consultant LTD
Off Plan Luxury Super Executive 3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ
Premium
4
₦470,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Off Plan Luxury Super Executive 3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ

Off Plan Luxury Super Executive Finished 3Bedriom Apartment with Bq for sale At Parkview Estate Ikoyi Location: In a very serine Neighborhood of Parkview Estate feactures Elevator Swimming pool Gym Well finished 247 security En-suite bedrooms Water treatment Fully fitted kitchen Serenity Excellent rental value Ample parking space Smoke extractor Island counter top Heart of Parkview Estate Air conditioning Installed in All Rooms Estate neighborhood Restaurant, Shops etc 247 Power Title: C of O Price N470M

Parkview, Ikoyi, Lagos
3 3 4
R.W Properties & Consultant LTD
Premium
₦4,500,000

Mixed-use land for sale

Just Out 2400SQM and 1200SQM

Bourdillon road, ikoyi ‎ ‎location ‎off bourdillon road. Ikoyi ‎ Size are 2400sqm and 1200sqm ‎ ‎₦4.5M per SQM ‎title ‎Lag state C.of.O ‎ ‎Note: there is a room to sell 1200sqm, 2400qm

Off Bourdiloin Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
2400 sqm
R.W Properties & Consultant LTD
Luxury and Well Finished 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex Villa with 2 Rooms
Premium
22
₦2,500,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury and Well Finished 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex Villa with 2 Rooms

Luxury 5Bedroom Detached Villa with 2 bq available for sale. Features Brand new Fully automated kitchen Big fridge and freezer Private staircase to rooftop Swimming pool $40k Wooden staircase Private compound Neighborhood of the President. Great views from roof top Ac in all rooms Brand new home Sitting on 3 floors. Well finished to high taste 247 security En-suite bedrooms Water treatment 2 BQs Big hallway Serenity Excellent rental value Price: N2.5b

Off Bourdilion Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 5 6
R.W Properties & Consultant LTD
Premium
₦1,300,000,000

Mixed-use land for sale

1, 000SQM Land

Distress Sale: 1,000sqm land within Parkview Estate Ikoyi with C of O. Distress value:#1.3B Hurry now Offer valid for 14 working days.

Parkview, Ikoyi, Lagos
1000 sqm
R.W Properties & Consultant LTD
Four Bedroom Detached House with 2 Rooms BQ and Swimming Pool
Premium
19
₦5,000,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Four Bedroom Detached House with 2 Rooms BQ and Swimming Pool

A Fully Detached Four (4) Bedroom House with 2 rooms Service quarters and swimming pool on a piece of land measuring about 600sqm Features: - Ante room - Large sitting room/dining area - Family lounge - All rooms en-suite - Kitchen with pantry - Quality finishing - Private swimming pool - 2 rooms BQ - 24/7 Security - 24/7 Power supply Location: 5th Avenue, Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos Price: N5 Billion For more enquiries, please contact;No Ayodele Odunuga & Company (Estate Surveyors and Valuers) No 9 Sylvia Crescent, Anthony village, Lagos. 08024921567, 08096812941

5th Avenue, Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
4 4 5
Ayodele Odunuga and Company
Luxury 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex with BQ and Pool in an Estate
Premium
20
₦1,200,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Luxury 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex with BQ and Pool in an Estate

Luxury 4 Bedroom Fully Serviced Terrace Duplex with a room Bq, Cinema/Study, fitted kitchen, Rooftop Sit-out terrace, Swimming pool and Gym etc located in Old Ikoyi. Price is N1.2B ono

Parkview, Ikoyi, Lagos
4 4 5 3
Maxville Intergrated Company

Showing 1,021–1,041 of 6,512 properties

Area Guide

About Ikoyi, Nigeria

By and large, Ikoyi is a posh neighbourhood with a mishmash of exquisite residential apartments and commercial presence.

Ikoyi borders the Lagos Lagoon and takes up the eastern half of Lagos Island. It is one of the towns that make up the Eti-Osa Local Government Area of Lagos state.

Originally, the British Colonial Governments designated Ikoyi as a residential area for the expatriate community perhaps due to its proximity to the sea. However this arrangement changed with time with big establishments locating their corporate headquarters at Ikoyi. Ikoyi is home to the creme de la creme of the Nigerian society, from diplomats to senior company, business executives and senior public servants.

Read the full area guide
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

There are 6,512 available flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Ikoyi, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.