Nigeria Property Centre

Property on Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos

There are 51 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for sale and rent in Lekki Phase 1. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Two (2) Bedroom Apartment for Sale
12 photos
₦310,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Two (2) Bedroom Apartment for Sale

Paragon iii Apartments is an ongoing deluxe residential development by Hillstar Nigeria Limited, strategically located on Otunba Adedoyin Ogungbe Crescent (Providence Street) in Lekki Phase 1, Lagos. The project comprises 6 units of 1 bedroom apartment, 18 units of 2-bedroom apartments,

Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets

Hillstar Nigeria Limited

Verified Agent

Contact Agent
Luxury 3 Bedroom with PS5, Snooker Board and Table Tennis
Featured
21
₦190,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Luxury 3 Bedroom with PS5, Snooker Board and Table Tennis

Brand New 3 Bedroom Luxury Apartment Alert! Explore our boutique styled 3 bedroom apartment right in the heart of Lekki Phase 1. Amenities Include: - Super-fast internet - Netflix, YouTube, DStv, Prime -2 Balconies - PS 5 loaded with games - Table Tennis - Snooker board - Washing machine - Elevator - - In House Cleaner - En suite rooms - ⁠Round The Clock Security

Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 4 Parking
Elens Homes
Stylish 3 Bedrooms Luxury Apartment with PS 5
Featured
25
₦170,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Stylish 3 Bedrooms Luxury Apartment with PS 5

This uniquely designed 3 bedroom apartment is located in the lovely metropolis of Lekki Phase 1, off Admiralty Way, Lekki. It comes fully equipped with 24 hours power supply PS 5 with Loaded Games Snooker Table Table Tennis Smart Tv for that Netflix and Chill Moment High Speed Internet Full DSTV Bouquet Security In house cleaner. You get the whole apartment to yourself and can easily connect to some of Lekki's hottest spots including Elegushi Private Beach, The Palms Mall, Kingfisher, Terraform, spar, Folixx, Nike Art Gallery, Leisure Sport Park and many more. Call Anthony on 08084744976 to enjoy hospitality like never before.

Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 2 Parking
El Casa Nigeria
Ultra Modern 2 Bedroom Apartment with PS 5
Featured
24
₦150,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Ultra Modern 2 Bedroom Apartment with PS 5

This uniquely designed 2 bedroom apartment is located in the lovely metropolis of Lekki Phase 1, off Admiralty Way, Lekki. It comes fully equipped with 24 hours power supply PS 5 with Loaded Games Snooker Table Table Tennis Smart Tv for that Netflix and Chill Moment High Speed Internet Full DSTV Bouquet Security In house cleaner. You get the whole apartment to yourself and can easily connect to some of Lekki's hottest spots including Elegushi Private Beach, The Palms Mall, Kingfisher, Terraform, spar, Folixx, Nike Art Gallery, Leisure Sport Park and many more. Call Anthony on 08084744976 to enjoy hospitality like never before.

Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets 2 Parking
El Casa Nigeria
Astonishing 3 Bedroom Apartment
Featured
22
₦160,000 /day

Flat / apartment short let

Astonishing 3 Bedroom Apartment

Lovely 3 Bedroom Fully Furnished shortlet Apartment with Ps5, SnookerBoard, Table Tennis Providence street. Lekki phase 1 N165k per day

Admiralty Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 4 Baths 4 Toilets 3 Parking
Tenancious Realtors and Properties
₦2,800,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Brand New 2 Blocks of Flats

Offer for sale ‎ ‎Property: ‎Brand New 2 blocks of flats. It is well finished, and boats of 8 units of 2 bedroom flats, with 2 units of 3 bedroom pent houses, totalling 10 flats all together, as follows: ‎ ‎Block a - 4 units of 2 bedroom flats with 3 bedroom pent house ‎ ‎Block B -4 units of 2 bedroom flats with 3 bedroom pent house. ‎ ‎Location: off Providence Street, Lekki scheme 1, Lagos ‎ ‎Title: Lasg C of O ‎ ‎Size: 1000m2 ‎ ‎Price: N2.8b ‎ ‎Contact: ‎0802-643-8993 (WhatsApp) ‎07068368492 ‎07067008093 ‎0803-381-7512

Off Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
1000 sqm
Prava Concepts
Beautiful 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex
11
₦300,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Beautiful 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex

hot letting Smart home 4 bedroom terraced duplex and security house Amenities: - [ ] fitted kitchen with accessories - [ ] modern day pop ceiling - [ ] detailed finishing - [ ] wardrobes - ⁠[ ] wireless charger in kitchen - [ ] luxury finishing - [ ] jacuzzi - [ ] cctv - [ ] automated light - [ ] water heater - [ ] heat extractor - [ ] ample parking space - ⁠[ ] bq - [ ] 24/7 security location: off freedom way,lekki phase1 price: 300m* --------------------------------------------- For inspection call/whatsapp +2347037269925 Op'net homes Providence mall, 1st floor, suite ff17, providence street, lekki phase 1, lagos

Off Freedom Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 3 Parking
Opnet Homes and Properties LTD
Two Units of Two Bedroom Apartment
2
₦14,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Two Units of Two Bedroom Apartment

To let Two (2) units of two (2) bedroom apartments. Location: Off Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1 Rent: N14million (per unit) Service Charge: N1.6million Agency: 10% Legal: 10% Caution: 5% Can go as silent office

Off Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets
Elizadebiyil.t.d
Beautiful 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex
19
₦450,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Beautiful 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex

hot letting Smart home 4 bedroom terraced duplex house Amenities: - [ ] fitted kitchen with accessories - [ ] modern day pop ceiling - [ ] detailed finishing - [ ] wardrobes - [ ] box room - ⁠[ ] wireless charger in kitchen - [ ] luxury finishing - [ ] jacuzzi - [ ] cctv - [ ] automated light - [ ] water heater - [ ] heat extractor - [ ] ample parking space - ⁠[ ] bq - [ ] 24/7 security location: off freedom way, lekki phase 1 price: 450m* --------------------------------------------- For inspection call/whatsapp +2347037269925 Op'net homes Providence mall, 1st floor, suite ff17, providence street, lekki phase 1, lagos

Off Freedom Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 3 Parking
Opnet Homes and Properties LTD
Private Office Space for 1 Person in Spaces MHQ Providence Street
6
₦606,900 /mo

Office space for rent

Private Office Space for 1 Person in Spaces MHQ Providence Street

Set your business up for success with a professional office just for you. Take your career to new heights in Lagos, Nigeria, where your new office at Providence Street places you at the centre of this energetic commercial hub. Enjoy excellent visibility and access from the Lekki-Epe Expressway, ensuring a seamless commute by car. Choose public transport too, with numerous bus stops less than 1.5km away. Reach the Marina Train Station, for additional travel options, located 12km from your office. Welcome international clients easily, knowing Murtala Muhammed International Airport is just a 32km drive. Extend your professional journey by staying in nearby hotels, perfect for longer business trips. Arrive at your modern building and park in one of the ample on-site spaces available, ensuring a stress-free start to your day. Enter Providence Street and set up your workspace on the 1st or 2nd floor, selecting either a private office for quiet focus or a hot desk to collaborate with fellow professionals and team members alike. Step out during lunch to discover vibrant Nigerian flavours at nearby local cafés and restaurants. Walk along the scenic Five Cowries Creek to unwind and take in Lagos' stunning views after hours. Extend your day and explore local cultural hotspots, entertainment and a dynamic nightlife. Create and personalise a perfectly sized environment for a team of 1 employee with 8 sqm of private office space in Spaces Providence Street. Our small offices are fully serviced, accessible 24/7, and include unlimited coworking access to our business club during business hours. And because we know how quickly business can change, we'll never ask you to sign your life away -- our contract terms are flexible and tailored to your specific needs. Spaces Private Offices include: - Access to our global network with thousands of locations worldwide - Friendly reception and support team - Secure, business-grade technology and Wi-Fi - Printers and access to admin support - Cleaning, utilities and security - Desk space available by the hour, day or month - Regular networking and community events - Easy booking and account management via our app - Customisable and flexible layouts - Workspaces that scale up and move with your business - High-quality ergonomic furniture - Additional access to 50 sqm of shared workspace - Pricing starts at 606900 NGN Just so you know; all images shown in this listing are from Spaces locations, but they may not correspond to this specific one. Get in touch

Block 94 Plot 5, the Providence Street, Eti-Osa, MHQ Spaces, 1st & 2nd, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
50 sqm
Iwg PLC
Beautiful 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with BQ and Security House
23
₦650,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Beautiful 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with BQ and Security House

hot letting Smart home 5 bedroom detached duplex with bq and security house Amenities: - [ ] fitted kitchen with accessories - [ ] modern day pop ceiling - [ ] detailed finishing - [ ] wardrobes - [ ] box room - ⁠[ ] wireless charger in kitchen - [ ] luxury finishing - [ ] jacuzzi - [ ] cctv - [ ] automated light - [ ] water heater - [ ] heat extractor - [ ] ample parking space - ⁠[ ] bq - [ ] 24/7 security location: off freedom way, lekki phase 1 price: 650m* --------------------------------------------- For inspection call/whatsapp +2347037269925 Op'net homes Providence mall, 1st floor, suite ff17, providence street, lekki phase 1, lagos

Off Freedom Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 4 Parking
Opnet Homes and Properties LTD
Private Office Space for 2 Persons in Spaces MHQ Providence Street
6
₦606,900 /mo

Office space for rent

Private Office Space for 2 Persons in Spaces MHQ Providence Street

A fully customisable and perfectly sized work environment for two. Take your career to new heights in Lagos, Nigeria, where your new office at Providence Street places you at the centre of this energetic commercial hub. Enjoy excellent visibility and access from the Lekki-Epe Expressway, ensuring a seamless commute by car. Choose public transport too, with numerous bus stops less than 1.5km away. Reach the Marina Train Station, for additional travel options, located 12km from your office. Welcome international clients easily, knowing Murtala Muhammed International Airport is just a 32km drive. Extend your professional journey by staying in nearby hotels, perfect for longer business trips. Arrive at your modern building and park in one of the ample on-site spaces available, ensuring a stress-free start to your day. Enter Providence Street and set up your workspace on the 1st or 2nd floor, selecting either a private office for quiet focus or a hot desk to collaborate with fellow professionals and team members alike. Step out during lunch to discover vibrant Nigerian flavours at nearby local cafés and restaurants. Walk along the scenic Five Cowries Creek to unwind and take in Lagos' stunning views after hours. Extend your day and explore local cultural hotspots, entertainment and a dynamic nightlife. Create and personalise a perfectly sized environment for a team of 2 employees with 10 sqm of private office space in Spaces MHQ Providence Street. Our small offices are fully serviced, accessible 24/7, and include unlimited coworking access to our business club during business hours. And because we know how quickly business can change, we'll never ask you to sign your life away -- our contract terms are flexible and tailored to your specific needs. Spaces Private Offices include: - Access to our global network with thousands of locations worldwide - Friendly reception and support team - Secure, business-grade technology and Wi-Fi - Printers and access to admin support - Cleaning, utilities and security - Desk space available by the hour, day or month - Regular networking and community events - Easy booking and account management via our app - Customisable and flexible layouts - Workspaces that scale up and move with your business - High-quality ergonomic furniture - Additional access to 50 sqm of shared workspace - Pricing starts at 606900 NGN Just so you know; all images shown in this listing are from Spaces locations, but they may not correspond to this specific one. Get in touch

Block 94 Plot 5, the Providence Street, Eti-Osa, MHQ Spaces, 1st & 2nd, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
50 sqm
Iwg PLC
Private Office Space for 3 Persons in Spaces MHQ Providence Street
9
₦2,290,900 /mo

Office space for rent

Private Office Space for 3 Persons in Spaces MHQ Providence Street

Office space tailored to three that comes with everything taken care of. Take your career to new heights in Lagos, Nigeria, where your new office at Providence Street places you at the centre of this energetic commercial hub. Enjoy excellent visibility and access from the Lekki-Epe Expressway, ensuring a seamless commute by car. Choose public transport too, with numerous bus stops less than 1.5km away. Reach the Marina Train Station, for additional travel options, located 12km from your office. Welcome international clients easily, knowing Murtala Muhammed International Airport is just a 32km drive. Extend your professional journey by staying in nearby hotels, perfect for longer business trips. Arrive at your modern building and park in one of the ample on-site spaces available, ensuring a stress-free start to your day. Enter Providence Street and set up your workspace on the 1st or 2nd floor, selecting either a private office for quiet focus or a hot desk to collaborate with fellow professionals and team members alike. Step out during lunch to discover vibrant Nigerian flavours at nearby local cafés and restaurants. Walk along the scenic Five Cowries Creek to unwind and take in Lagos' stunning views after hours. Extend your day and explore local cultural hotspots, entertainment and a dynamic nightlife. Create and personalise a perfectly sized environment for a team of 3 employees with 15 sqm of private office space in Spaces MHQ Providence Street. Our medium offices are fully serviced, accessible 24/7, and include unlimited coworking access to our business club during business hours. And because we know how quickly business can change, we'll never ask you to sign your life away -- our contract terms are flexible and tailored to your specific needs. Spaces Private Offices include: - Access to our global network with thousands of locations worldwide - Friendly reception and support team - Secure, business-grade technology and Wi-Fi - Printers and access to admin support - Cleaning, utilities and security - Desk space available by the hour, day or month - Regular networking and community events - Easy booking and account management via our app - Customisable and flexible layouts - Workspaces that scale up and move with your business - High-quality ergonomic furniture - Additional access to 60 sqm of shared workspace - Pricing starts at 2290900 NGN Just so you know; all images shown in this listing are from Spaces locations, but they may not correspond to this specific one. Get in touch

Block 94 Plot 5, the Providence Street, Eti-Osa, MHQ Spaces, 1st & 2nd, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
60 sqm
Iwg PLC
Beautiful 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex with a BQ
19
₦400,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Beautiful 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex with a BQ

Hot sales smart home 4 bedroom semi duplex with BQ Location: Lekki phase 1, Lekki Price: 400m Amenities: - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing - [ ] Wardrobes - ⁠[ ] wireless charger in kitchen - [ ] Luxury Finishing - [ ] Jacuzzi - [ ] CCTV - [ ] Automated Light - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor - [ ] Ample parking space - ⁠[ ] BQ - [ ] 24/7 Security For Inspection Call/Whatsapp +2348105815324 Pedro Realty Providence Mall, 1st Floor, Suite FF17, Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos

Off Admiralty, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 3 Parking
Damopedro Realty
Beautiful 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ & Inverter
16
₦400,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Beautiful 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ & Inverter

For sale Brand new 4 bedroom terrace with a room bq, inverter Location: lekki phase 1 Documents: ⁠governors consent Price: ₦400 million Features - ⁠luxury interior fittings - ⁠elevator - cctv cameras - 3. 4kva solar inverter - automated smart home panels - open terrace - dinning area - gym - wide windows for ventilation - all rooms en-suite - ⁠car port - ⁠beautiful chandelier - ⁠fully fitted kitchen with store - ⁠wardrobe closet - ⁠state of the art pop designs - parking space - ⁠walking closet - ⁠self service property - ⁠luxury lightings - ⁠staircase sensory lightings - ⁠spanish porcelain tiles - all rooms en-suite - fully fitted kitchen - water heaters - ⁠spacious family lounge - ⁠premium security - clean borehole water -------------------------------------------- For Inspection Call/Whatsapp +234 810 581 5324 Damopedro_realty Providence Mall, 1st Floor, Suite FF17, Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets
Damopedro Realty
Private Office Space for 4 Persons in Spaces MHQ Providence Street
7
₦2,290,900 /mo

Office space for rent

Private Office Space for 4 Persons in Spaces MHQ Providence Street

Book a fully serviced office for four, and we'll take care of everything else. Take your career to new heights in Lagos, Nigeria, where your new office at Providence Street places you at the centre of this energetic commercial hub. Enjoy excellent visibility and access from the Lekki-Epe Expressway, ensuring a seamless commute by car. Choose public transport too, with numerous bus stops less than 1.5km away. Reach the Marina Train Station, for additional travel options, located 12km from your office. Welcome international clients easily, knowing Murtala Muhammed International Airport is just a 32km drive. Extend your professional journey by staying in nearby hotels, perfect for longer business trips. Arrive at your modern building and park in one of the ample on-site spaces available, ensuring a stress-free start to your day. Enter Providence Street and set up your workspace on the 1st or 2nd floor, selecting either a private office for quiet focus or a hot desk to collaborate with fellow professionals and team members alike. Step out during lunch to discover vibrant Nigerian flavours at nearby local cafés and restaurants. Walk along the scenic Five Cowries Creek to unwind and take in Lagos' stunning views after hours. Extend your day and explore local cultural hotspots, entertainment and a dynamic nightlife. Create and personalise a perfectly sized environment for a team of 4 employees with 20 sqm of private office space in Spaces MHQ Providence Street. Our medium offices are fully serviced, accessible 24/7, and include unlimited coworking access to our business club during business hours. And because we know how quickly business can change, we'll never ask you to sign your life away -- our contract terms are flexible and tailored to your specific needs. Spaces Private Offices include: - Access to our global network with thousands of locations worldwide - Friendly reception and support team - Secure, business-grade technology and Wi-Fi - Printers and access to admin support - Cleaning, utilities and security - Desk space available by the hour, day or month - Regular networking and community events - Easy booking and account management via our app - Customisable and flexible layouts - Workspaces that scale up and move with your business - High-quality ergonomic furniture - Additional access to 60 sqm of shared workspace - Pricing starts at 2290900 NGN Just so you know; all images shown in this listing are from Spaces locations, but they may not correspond to this specific one. Get in touch

Block 94 Plot 5, the Providence Street, Eti-Osa, MHQ Spaces, 1st & 2nd, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
60 sqm
Iwg PLC
Land
1
₦8,500,000,000 /yr

Residential land for rent

Land

JV Opportunity: Lekki Phase 1 - Location: Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1 - Land Area: 3,573 sqm - Premium: No premium - JV Type: Open Proposal. - ⁠Owners preference: high rise building / mix of flats n terraces. - ⁠Value:N8.5B - CofO - ⁠facilitators fees 10% negotiable 100% closeable Let deal Onye... Nwa

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3573 sqm
Joe Bless Homes and Properties
Beautiful 3 Bedrooms Apartment with a BQ
17
₦230,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Beautiful 3 Bedrooms Apartment with a BQ

For sale Beautiful spacious 6units of 3 bedroom apartment with a bq Price:230m Location: off admiralty, lekki phase 1 Features Contemporary design 3 ensuite bedrooms Fully fitted kitchen and walk store Smart features Bathtub in the masters bedroom with a balcony Telephone Chandelier Iron railings Balcony Ensuite 1 bedroom bq Automated gate Parking for up to 2 cars landscape and greenery secured estate --------------------------------------------- For inspection call/whatsapp +234 703 726 9925 Op'net homes Providence mall, 1st floor, suite ff17, Providence street, lekki phase 1, lagos

Off Admiralty, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 2 Parking
Opnet Homes and Properties LTD
Beautiful 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex
15
₦400,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Beautiful 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex

For sale Smart home 4 bedroom terraced duplex in a prime location in lekki phase 1 Location: lekki phase 1 Documents: ⁠governors consent Price: ₦400 million Features - ⁠luxury interior fittings - ⁠smart home control panels - all rooms en-suite - 3. 5kva solar - ⁠car port - ⁠beautiful chandelier - ⁠fully fitted kitchen - ⁠wardrobe closet - ⁠state of the art pop designs - ⁠stamped concrete floor - parking space - ⁠walking closet - ⁠self service property - ⁠luxury lightings - ⁠staircase sensory lightings - ⁠spanish porcelain tiles - pop finishing - all rooms en-suite - fully fitted kitchen - water heaters - ⁠spacious family lounge - ⁠premium security - clean borehole water ------------------------------------------------ For inspection call/whatsapp +234 703 726 9925 Op'net homes Providence mall, 1st floor, suite ff17, Providence street, lekki phase 1, lagos

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 2 Parking
Opnet Homes and Properties LTD
₦8,000,000,000

Mixed-use land for sale

Land Size: 3, 500SQM

Available for outright sales and joint venture. Joint venture joint venture details Location: Lekki Phase 1, Providence Street Land Size: 3,500sqm Vay Land Value: 8B Proposed Development: Block of luxury and contemporary residential apartments consisting of a basement, ground floor and other luxurious amenities Sharing Ratio: TBD Commission: 5% non-negotiable Title: Governor's Consent cletu

Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Best Properties
2 Bedroom Apartment
11
₦14,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

2 Bedroom Apartment

To let Two (2) units of two (2) bedroom apartments. Location: Off Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1 Rent: N14million (per unit) Service Charge: N1.6million Agency: 10% Legal: 10% Caution: 5% /WhatsApp 08025207381

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds
13 Realty Limited

Showing 21–41 of 51 properties

Area Guide

About Lekki Phase 1, Nigeria

Lekki is a city located in the eastern part of Lagos. Lekki is a naturally formed peninsula, adjoining to its west Victoria Island and Ikoyi districts of Lagos, with the Atlantic Ocean to its south, Lagos Lagoon to the north, and Lekki Lagoon to its east; however, the city's southeast which ends at around the western edge of Refuge Island, adjoins the eastern part of Ibeju-Lekki LGA. 

The peninsula is approximately 70 to 80km long, with an average width of 10km. Lekki currently houses several Estates, gated residential developments, agricultural farmlands, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.

Read the full area guide
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

There are 51 available flats, houses, land and commercial property on Providence Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.