Nigeria Property Centre

Houses in Lekki, Lagos

There are 31,586 houses for sale and rent in Lekki as of 23 Aug 2026, with an average price of ₦400M. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Neighbourhoods
1st Roundabout 2nd Roundabout 2nd Toll Gate Admiralty Homes Estate Admiralty Road Ajiran Road Alma Beach Estate Alperton Estate Alpha Beach Alpha Beach Estate Alpha Beach Road Arcadia Grove Estate Atlantic Estate Atlantic View Estate Bakare Estate Bayview Estate Bera Estate Bourdillon Court Bridge Gate Estate Brookhill Park Estate Brownstone Estate Buena Vista Estate Cadogan Estate Cadogan Place Estate Canal West Estate Cardogan Estate Carlton Gate Estate Chevron Alternative Route Chevron Drive Chevron Toll Gate Chevy View Estate Chois Gardens Estate Cooplag Gardens Estate Cowrie Creek Estate Cromwell Court Estate Cyberville Estate Eastland Golf Estate Eleganza Estate Elf Estate Estates Estates Estates Estates Fara Park Estate Femi Okunnu Estate Flourish Gate Garden Freedom Way Friends Colony Estate Frisco Court Goshen Estate GRA Green Park Estate Hampton Bay Estate Heirs Park Estate Horizon II Estate House on the Rock HRC Estate Idado Estate Ikota County Estate Ikota Villa Estate Inoyo Havens Estate Itedo Estate Ivy Luxuria Estate Jakande First Gate Jordan Brooke Estates Kusenla Road Lakeview Estate Lekki Conservation Centre Lekki County Estate Lekki Gardens Horizon 1 Lekki Pearl Garden Lekki Scheme 2 Lekki Scheme I LSDPC Estate Maiyegun Beach Estate Manor Gardens Estate Marwa Megamound Estate Melrose Park Estate Milverton Estate Mobil Estate Mobolaji Johnson Estate Napier Gardens Estate New Horizon Estate New Road Nicon Town Northern Foreshore Estate Oba Oyekan Estate Ocean Bay Estate Ocean Breeze Estate Oluwanishola Estate Oral Estate Orchid Estate Orchid Road Paradise Estate Parkview Estate Peach Palms Pearly Gate Estate Periwinkle Lifestyle Estate Pinnock Beach Estate Prime Water View Estate Providence Street Richmond Gate Estate Romay Gardens Estate Royal County Estate Royal Haven Estate Royal Pine Estate Safe Court Apartments Seagate Estate Silicon Valley Estate Southern View Estate South Pointe Estate SPG Road Spring Bay Estate Spring Garden Estate Stillwaters Garden Estate The Grandeur Estate TPDC Estate Treasure Garden Estate Tulip Heaven Estate Twin Lake Estate U3 Estate UPDC Estate Valley Stream Estate Van Daniel Estate Victoria Bay Estate Victoria Crest Estate Victoria Park Estate Victory Park Estate Vintage Park Estate Westend Estate Western Foreshore Estate White Oak Estate Willow Greens Estate Woodland Estate Zion Court Estate
Features
Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Luxury 4 Bedrooms Terraced Duplex with BQ
23 photos
₦25,000,000 /yr

Terraced duplex for rent

Luxury 4 Bedrooms Terraced Duplex with BQ

Lovely 4 bedroom duplex with a bq available for rent. Renovation is completed. Lekki right hand, through pinnacle gas station Rent: ₦25,000,000 Service charge - sc is shared amongst residents usually between ₦230k-250k. Legal: ₦5% non-negotiable Agency: ₦5% non-negotiable Caution refundable fee: ₦1m Total package : ₦28,500,000 Service charge is paid monthly. Property details Pool Gym General open lounge Kitchen fully fitted Generator is determined by residents Transformer Clean water 24 hours security Cctv cameras 150kva generator 80kva generator Lovely neighbourhood Flood free area Shower cubicle Private parking Stamp concretes Call akin for inspection: 08067495852 Call akin for inspection: 08067495852

Plot 134, Ayodele Odubiyi Street, by Pinnacle Gas Station, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 2 Parking

Lake Pad Ventures

Contact agent
Specious 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ — Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
6
₦16,000,000 /yr

Terraced duplex for rent

Specious 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ

For sale Rent 4 bedroom terrace duplex with a room BQ LocationIKATE financial details: Rent: 16m per annum Agency Service charge: 1.5M per annum Legal: 10% gross rental value Agency: 10% gross rental value Caution: 10% gross rental value power: Vend as you use perks: - Fitted Kitchen with accessories - Modern Day pop Ceiling - Detailed finishing - Wardrobes - Luxury Finishing - Water heater - Heat extractor - ⁠BQ Bn28jn

Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets
Lexiuniverse
5 Bedroom Detached House — Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
1
₦25,000,000 /yr

Detached duplex for rent

5 Bedroom Detached House

Fully serviced and state of the art 5 bedroom detached House on 3 floors in a well maintained estate Location: Ikate, Lekki, Lagos. Rent: ₦25,000,000.00 Legal: ₦2,500,000.00 (10%) Agency: ₦2,500,000.00 (10%) Caution Fee: ₦2,500,000.00 (10%) Sc: paid to the estate Total Package: ₦32,500,000.00 Pc: KGLBPL

Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 5 Parking
Sammytex Realty
Newly Built 4bed Duplex with BQ — Freedom Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
18
₦470,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Newly Built 4bed Duplex with BQ

Exquisite Spacious Luxury 4 Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplex with a BQ, Waiting room and Car garage Flexible Payment Plan available up to 12 months. Zero Interest Location: Lekki Phase 1 Price: ₦750M Property Features: - All rooms en-suite - Spacious living Area - Fully fitted kitchen - ⁠Quality finishing - Smart home features - ⁠Fitted Wardrobes - ⁠Well ventilated - Modern pop ceilings & aesthetic lighting - Water heater & heat extractor - Walk-in shower & walk-in closet - ⁠Top quality tiles - Ample parking space - Good road network - ⁠Good electricity - ⁠Good title document - ⁠Flood free area - ⁠Family lounge - ⁠Inbuilt speakers - ⁠BQ - Waiting room - ⁠Car garage Title: Governor's Consent For Inspection Inquiries: ️09136826328 [email protected] ig/fb/tik/x/sc/tg/yt:@homezplug

Freedom Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 4 Parking
Homezplug
Executive Smart 5 Bedrooms Fully Detached Duplex with BQ and Swimming — Harris Drive, VGC, Lekki, Lagos
3
₦350,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Executive Smart 5 Bedrooms Fully Detached Duplex with BQ and Swimming

Executive smart 5-bedrooms fully detached duplex with BQ and swimming pool Location: Harris drive. Also known as VGC extension. Document: Governor's consent & building approval. 5 Bedroom with massive swimming pool & BQ - Well fitted kitchen - Perfect finishing - In a serene environment - Massive parking space - Underground drainage system - Electricity: band a - Security: Water tight - Good road network Luxury without compromise Price: #350M

Harris Drive, VGC, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Marychilem Ent
Make a Deposit for This Spacious 2 Bedroom Apartment & Spread the Balance — Orchid, Lekki, Lagos
13
₦140,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Make a Deposit for This Spacious 2 Bedroom Apartment & Spread the Balance

Price: ₦140,000,000 - orchid road, lekki off-plan 2-bedroom apartment with payment plan secure a unit in one of lekki's fastest-growing residential corridors while construction is nearing completion. Whether you're searching for a comfortable home or a property with strong rental income potential, this development ticks the right boxes. With a growing young population along orchid road and a limited supply of quality apartments, demand continues to outpace availability. Features:️ spacious living area️ 2 ensuite bedrooms️ fitted kitchen swimming pool️ fully equipped gym ample parking space secure estate environment️ almost completed development flexible payment plan available strategic location supermarkets nearby hospitals within reach banks close by hotels & lounges nearby fitness centres around the corner️ easy access to major roads why this property? Strong rental demand️ prime orchid road address ideal for homeowners & investors opportunity to buy before completion

Orchid, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets
Koldej Homes
₦9,000,000

Terraced duplex for rent

4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex

To let 4 bedroom terrace Duplex VGC Harris Drive Rent: #9m Agency 10% Caution 10% Legal 10% SC TBD †¶§t∆m‡

Harris Drive, VGC, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds
Amzat Odu LTD
Brand New Estate — Ikate Elegushi, Lekki, Lagos
2
₦55,000,000,000

House for sale

Brand New Estate

Exclusive Lekki Investment Opportunity: Bulk Residential Estate a fully developed Estate comprising of different home types including Terraces, semi and detached units *Property Overview Location: Ikate, Lekki Land Size: 44,828 SQM Price: 55 Billion Status: Fully vacant (formerly corporate-tenanted) *Inventory Breakdown (70 Units) - 3-Bedroom Terraces: 36 units - ⁠4-Bedroom Terraces: 14 units - ⁠4-Bedroom Semi-Detached: 20 units *Key Features: - Fully tarred road network - ⁠Dedicated recreation and playground areas - ⁠Independent water treatment plant - ⁠Serene, secure, and organized neighborhood This estate provides an immediate opportunity for redevelopment or high-yield institutional housing in a prime Lagos corridor. SlvZ

Ikate Elegushi, Lekki, Lagos
244 beds 244 baths 415 toilets 500 Parking
360 Degree Properties LTD
4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex + BQ — Ikate Elegushi, Lekki, Lagos
1
₦350,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex + BQ

Home for Sale at Ikate, Lekki 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex in a nicely built mini estate for Sale at Ikate, Lekki. Price : 350m Title: Gov. Consent SlvZ

Ikate Elegushi, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 3 Parking
360 Degree Properties LTD
A Luxury Built 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex with BQ and Pool — Off Admiralty Road, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
13
₦25,000,000 /yr

Terraced duplex for rent

A Luxury Built 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex with BQ and Pool

A Luxury Built 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex With Bq And Pool Location: Lekki Phase 1 Price: 25M per annual One year payment accepted Agency: 10% Legal fee: 10% Caution fee: 10% Service charge: 2M Features - All Rooms Ensuite with a guest toilet - Steady Electricity Supplies - Swimming Pool - 24 Hours Security - Spacious Fitted Kitchen - Maid Room - Clean Water - Space for cars - a Spacious Seat out - Stamp Concrete Floor - Water Heaters - CCTV Camera ------------------------------------------------- 08164276682 [email protected] - - #lekkirealtor #lekkilagos #luxurylife #affordablepropertiesinlekki #affordablepropertiesinlagos #lagos #realestate #realestateagent #2020 #nigeriaproperties #propertyhub #nigeria #Lagos life #lagoslifestyle #dope #luxury #luxuryhomes #africa #africanhomes #africanproperties #nigeriarealestate #dubai #dubailifestyle #design #homedesigns #nigerianrealestate #realestatelagos #realestatenigeria

Off Admiralty Road, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 3 Parking
Deola Luxe Realty Limited
Brand New 4 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex — Chevron, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
9
₦15,000,000 /yr

Detached duplex for rent

Brand New 4 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex

Direct to mandate brief Brand New 4bedroom duplex with bq Chevron Rent 15m Agency 10% Caution 10% Lagel 10% Self service

Chevron, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 3 Parking
Regal Affluence Realty
5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with a BQ and Swimming Pool — Chevron Toll Gate, Lekki, Lagos
9
₦470,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with a BQ and Swimming Pool

Exquisite, Spacious & Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with a BQ and Swimming pool. Location: Chevron Toll Gate, Lekki, Lagos. Price: ₦470M Property Features: - All rooms en-suite - Spacious living Area - Fully fitted kitchen - ⁠Quality finishing - Smart home features - ⁠Fitted Wardrobes - ⁠Well ventilated - Modern pop ceilings & aesthetic lighting - Water heater & heat extractor - Walk-in shower & walk-in closet - ⁠Top quality tiles - Ample parking space - Good road network - ⁠Good electricity - ⁠Good title document - ⁠Flood free area - ⁠Family lounge - ⁠Inbuilt speakers - ⁠BQ - Swimming pool Title: Governor's Consent.

Chevron Toll Gate, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 5 Parking
Sammytex Realty
4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex — Orchid, Lekki, Lagos
10
₦10,000,000

Terraced duplex for rent

4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex

To let 4 bedroom terrace duplex for rent Location: Orchid Road, Lekki, Lagos Rent: N10m Legal: 10% Agency: 10% Caution: 10% ------------------------------------------------------------ Features - Fitted Kitchen - pop Ceilings - Water Treatment - Secured Estate - 24hrs Power - Water heater - Walk-in Shower - 2 Car park space - ⁠Inbuilt speakers Etc

Orchid, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets
Petovat Homes
2units of 4bedroom Semi Detached Duplex — Ikota GRA, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
16
₦10,000,000 /yr

Semi-detached duplex for rent

2units of 4bedroom Semi Detached Duplex

Direct to mandate brief 2 units of Brand new 4bedroom semi detached duplex Rent 10million Legal 10% Caution 10% Agency 10 % Ikota Gra

Ikota GRA, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 2 Parking
Regal Affluence Realty
Newly Built 4 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex — Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
19
₦10,000,000 /yr

Detached duplex for rent

Newly Built 4 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex

Brand new 4bedroom fully datched duplex with bq Ajah Rent 10m Agency 10% Caution 10% Lagel 10% Self service

Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 2 Parking
Regal Affluence Realty
Standard 3 Bedroom Terrace Duplex — Off Platinum Way, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
8
₦8,000,000 /yr

Terraced duplex for rent

Standard 3 Bedroom Terrace Duplex

To let Spacious self serviced 3 bedroom terrace duplex with bq in a gated estate. Location:Off Platinum way Ikate, Lekki Rent 8m Sc 230k per quarter Agency 10 Legal 10 Caution 10 Renovation is ongoing and you can inspect, pay and pack in

Off Platinum Way, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 3 Parking
Regal Affluence Realty
Spacious & Ensuite 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex in a Secured Estate — Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
9
₦7,000,000

Terraced duplex for rent

Spacious & Ensuite 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex in a Secured Estate

Property 1 for rent spacious & ensuite 4 bedroom terrace duplex in a secured & serene estate for rent location: Ikota, lekki 𝐏𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐁𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐊𝐃𝐎𝐖𝐍: rent - Rent Fee: N7,000,000(7M) - ⁠Legal: 10% - ⁠Caution: 10% - ⁠Agency: 10% - ⁠Service Charge: 360,000 Annually Features - Interlocked Compound - ⁠Very Secured and Serene Estate - High Ceiling - ⁠Very Spacious - ⁠Accesible to Road - Modern pop - ⁠Water Heater - ⁠Balcony - ⁠Government Approved - ⁠Ample car Parking Space - ⁠Good drainage system - ⁠Well fitted Kitchen - ⁠Wardrobe - ⁠Good Supply of Light - ⁠Shower Cubicle - ⁠Bath tub - ⁠Water Treatment - ⁠Quality tiles

Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 3 Parking
Marketbooy of Lagos
Service 4 Bedroom Terrace House Duplex — By House on the Rock Church, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5
₦18,000,000 /yr

Terraced duplex for rent

Service 4 Bedroom Terrace House Duplex

𝐑𝐞𝐧𝐭 18m 𝐀𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐟𝐞𝐞 𝟏𝟎% 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐞𝐞 𝟏𝟎% 𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐞𝐞 𝟭𝟬% 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞........ 1.5m 𝗩𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗼 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁 =𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗯𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 =𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗥𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝗖𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐈𝐍𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐖𝐈𝐍𝐆.... 𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭: 𝐉𝐎𝐄 𝐁𝐋𝐄𝐒𝐒 𝐇𝐎𝐌𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟓𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟔 Develop

By House on the Rock Church, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets
Joe Bless Homes and Properties
Luxury 5 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with BQ, Pool, Cinema — Cowrie Creek, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
Verified Photos
21 Video
₦950,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with BQ, Pool, Cinema

Stylish 5 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with a room BQ, Swimming Pool, Cinema & Rooftop Terrace Location: Ikate, lekki Price: N950M Features- -BQ - Swimming Pool -Cinema -Rooftop Terrace -Ensuite rooms - Aesthetic pop ceilings - Spot lighting - Chandelier - Sound system - Spacious living room - Cctv cameras - Clean water - Top quality tiles - Pantry - Island countertop - Master's suite - Walk-in closet - Walk-in shower - Jacuzzi - Custom vanity - 3 parking spaces - Good access roads - Flood free Title: Governor's Consent & Building Approval For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected]

Cowrie Creek, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets
Ideal Homes & Properties
Newly Built & Smart 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Pool — Chevron Drive, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
19
₦460,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Newly Built & Smart 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Pool

Exquisite Spacious Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with BQ and Swimming pool Location: Chevron Toll Gate, Lekki Price: ₦460M Commission: 5% Property Features: - All rooms en-suite - Spacious living Area - Fully fitted kitchen - ⁠Quality finishing - Smart home features - ⁠Fitted Wardrobes - ⁠Well ventilated - Modern pop ceilings & aesthetic lighting - Water heater & heat extractor - Walk-in shower & walk-in closet - ⁠Top quality tiles - Ample parking space - Good road network - ⁠Good electricity - ⁠Good title document - ⁠Flood free area - ⁠Family lounge - ⁠Inbuilt speakers - ⁠BQ - Swimming pool Title: Governor's Consent For Inspection Inquiries: ️09136826328 [email protected] ig/fb/tik/x/sc/tg/yt:@homezplug

Chevron Drive, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 5 Parking
Homezplug
5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with BQ — Lekki Phase One Freedom Way, Lekki, Lagos
3
₦850,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with BQ

S/direct selling Neatly used 5 bedroom fully detached duplex/bqs Location: freedom way lekki phase 1 Price: 850m Title :c of o Land size :550sqm Dia... Currently tenanted notify 24 hours before inspection Dia...

Lekki Phase One Freedom Way, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 6 baths 6 toilets 20 Parking
Emmi Agent

Showing 20,841–20,861 of 31,586 properties

Area Guide

About Lekki, Lagos

Lekki is a city located in the eastern part of Lagos. Lekki is a naturally formed peninsula, adjoining to its west Victoria Island and Ikoyi districts of Lagos, with the Atlantic Ocean to its south, Lagos Lagoon to the north, and Lekki Lagoon to its east; however, the city's southeast which ends at around the western edge of Refuge Island, adjoins the eastern part of Ibeju-Lekki LGA. 

The peninsula is approximately 70 to 80km long, with an average width of 10km. Lekki currently houses several Estates, gated residential developments, agricultural farmlands, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.

Read the full area guide
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of houses in Lekki, Lagos is ₦400,000,000.

The price of the most expensive houses in Lekki, Lagos is ₦2,100,000,000.

The price of the cheapest houses in Lekki, Lagos is ₦8,000,000.

There are 31,586 available houses in Lekki, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.