Nigeria Property Centre

Unfurnished Property for Sale in Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos

There are 8,303 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for sale in Lekki Phase 1 as of 26 Aug 2026, with an average price of ₦450M. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

1,321–1,341 of 8,303 properties for sale

Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Luxury 2 Bedroom Condos with a BQ Under Construction
17 photos
₦350,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Luxury 2 Bedroom Condos with a BQ Under Construction

The Cello IV Lifestyle Condos is another remarkable luxury development by Leadroitt Realty Limited, tailored for individuals who appreciate quality living and solid investment opportunities. Location: Off Admiralty Road, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos. Property Type: Beautifully finished 2-bedroom Condos with BQ, designed with contemporary architecture and fitted with premium amenities for a refined lifestyle. Facilities: Swimming Pool Fully Fitted Gym Residents' Lounge 24/7 Concierge Services Reliable Power Supply Spacious Walk-in Closets High-Speed Internet Access Smart Lock Technology Drivers' Lounge Access-Controlled Elevators 24/7 Security with CCTV Monitoring and more Cello IV offers a perfect mix of style, comfort, and everyday functionality making it an excellent choice for both homeowners and investors seeking value and peace of mind. It will be delivered and maintained to outstanding 5-star standards, consistent with Leadroitt's proven track record. Construction: Ongoing Delivery: Q1, 2027 Purchase Price : ₦350M Initial Deposit: 20% 3 to 12 Months Payment Plan available a Development By Leadroitt. For further inquiries, presentation meetings, and site inspections, contact: Jamiu Adebayo Leadroitt Realty Limited 33B, Dr Omon Ebhomenye Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos 08183000017 (WhatsApp enabled) [email protected] www.leadroittrealty.com

The Cello Iv - Off Admiralty Road, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 3 Baths 3 Toilets

Leadroitt Realty LTD

Verified Agent

Luxury 4-Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
18 Video
₦480,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Luxury 4-Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ

Luxury 4-Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ Lekki Foreshore, Lekki Phase One ₦480M Experience premium estate living in one of Lekki's most sought-after communities. Highlights: - 4 Spacious Ensuite Bedrooms + BQ - Swimming Pool - Recreation Centre - Basketball & Volleyball Courts - Children's Playground - CCTV Surveillance - Independent Power Plant + Standby Generator - Fibre Optic Internet Infrastructure - Treated Water & Covered Drainage System - Premium Security & Gated Community - Beautiful Green Areas & Serene Environment a perfect blend of luxury, lifestyle, and long-term investment value. Schedule your private inspection today.

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets
Brick and Click Realty Limited
Fully Automated 4-Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplexes with BQ — Lagoon District, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
12 Video
₦850,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Fully Automated 4-Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplexes with BQ

Fully Automated 4-Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplexes -- Lagoon District, Lekki Phase 1 price: N850million. Welcome to an exclusive residential community designed for modern families and discerning investors. With only. a few units remaining, this is your opportunity to own a premium home in one of Lekki Phase 1's most prestigious addresses. Lagoon District, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos ️ Few Units Remaining Development Features: - 4 Spacious Ensuite Bedrooms - Boys' Quarters (BQ) - Elegant Living Room - Family Lounge - Dining Area - Fully Fitted Contemporary Kitchen - Private Swimming Pool - Indoor & Outdoor Garage - Fully Automated Smart Home - Clean & Treated Water Supply - 24/7 Power Supply - Secure, Gated Community This development offers the perfect blend of luxury, privacy, and smart living while positioning you for excellent capital appreciation in one of Lagos' most sought-after residential neighborhoods. Contact Brick & Click Realty today to schedule your private tour and secure one of the last available units.

Lagoon District, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets
Brick and Click Realty Limited
Newly Built Three (3) Bedroom Penthouse — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
14
₦350,000,000

House for sale

Newly Built Three (3) Bedroom Penthouse

Newly built three (3) bedroom penthouse Location: Lekki phase 1, lagos Price: NGN 350 million Title: Governor's consent building approval Features: - Sizable living area - Modern fittings - Modern bathroom wares - Elevator - Swimming Pool - All rooms en-suite - Large Balcony - a room BQ - 24hours Security - Ample Parking space - Fitted Kitchen - Security entrance door - Secured and Serene Estate For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an emaiil to: [email protected] Or call / whatsapp Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / WhatsApp: +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 3 toilets
Tapek Homes
Luxury Smart 2-Bedroom Apartment + BQ — Off Durosimi Etti, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
14
₦330,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Luxury Smart 2-Bedroom Apartment + BQ

For sale Luxury Smart 2-Bedroom Apartment + BQ -- Off Durosimi Etti, Lekki Phase 1 Discover modern luxury in this beautifully crafted smart apartment, perfectly positioned in one of Lekki Phase 1's most sought-after locations. Designed for comfort, convenience, and long-term investment value, this home offers an exceptional lifestyle. Off Durosimi Etti, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos ₦330 Million Property Highlights:- 2-Bedroom Apartment + Boys' Quarters (BQ)- Smart Home Automation- Fully Fitted Contemporary Kitchen- Bluetooth Ceiling Speakers- Modern High-Speed Elevators- Premium Interior Finishes- Professionally Managed Facilities- Spacious Living & Dining Area- Secure & Fully Development Whether you're looking for your next home or a premium investment in one of Lagos' most prestigious neighborhoods, this apartment delivers luxury, convenience, and lasting value. Contact Brick & Click Realty today to schedule your private viewing.

Off Durosimi Etti, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets
Brick and Click Realty Limited
Premium
₦220,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

2 Bedroom Flat

Exclusive investment opportunity in lekki phase 1. With just 30% and flexible payment plan, own units of 2 bedroom apartments in one of lekki phase 1'S Most Promising Development. This opportunity allows investors to secure premium units at today's pricing while benefiting from projected appreciation upon completion. Title: Governor's consent building approval Price: - 2 Bed: NGN 220 million Features: - Prime Lekki Foreshore Location - Waterfront Development - Rooftop Swimming - Gym - Modern architecture - Premium fittings - Sizable rooms - Smart devices - Lounge - Fitted Kitchen - Serene and secured environment For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an emaiil to: [email protected] Or call / whatsapp Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / Call / Call : +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 2 toilets
Tapek Homes
5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with BQ and Swimming Pool — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
13
₦850,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with BQ and Swimming Pool

5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with BQ and Swimming Pool Location: Lekki Phase 1 Price: N850 Million Document: Governor's consent Features: - Brand New - Luxury Living - All Rooms Ensuite - Fully Fitted Kitchen - Family Lounge - Swimming Pool - Bluetooth Speakers - Spacious Rooms - Aesthetic Light Fittings - Modern Structure - Spacious Rooms - Spotlights - Balconies - Interlocked Streets - Secure Estate - Great Neighborhood - CCTV Camera - 24-hour security - Concrete floor - 2rooms BQ - Water Heater - Walk-In Showers

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 4 Parking
Brookstel Properties LTD
Brand New 4 Terrace Duplex with BQ — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
10 Video
₦650,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Brand New 4 Terrace Duplex with BQ

For sale Brand New 4-Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ -- Lekki Phase 1 Step into a home that blends modern architecture, premium craftsmanship, and refined comfort. Located in the heart of Lekki Phase 1, this brand-new terrace duplex is perfect for families and investors seeking a prestigious address with exceptional value. Lekki Phase 1, Lagos ₦650 Million Property Highlights:- Brand New 4-Bedroom Terrace Duplex- Boys' Quarters (BQ)- All Bedrooms Ensuite- Spacious Living & Dining Areas- Fully Fitted Contemporary Kitchen- Laundry Room- Walk-In Showers- Bathtub- Water Heaters- Private Balconies- Elegant pop Ceilings- Premium Interior Finishes- Outdoor Lighting- Interlocked Compound- Located Within a Secure Estate Designed for luxury living, this residence offers generous spaces, modern finishes, and the exclusivity of one of Lagos' most sought-after neighborhoods. Contact Brick & Click Realty today to schedule your private inspection.

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 3 Parking
Brick and Click Realty Limited
Serene Three (3) Bedroom Apartment — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
15
₦370,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Serene Three (3) Bedroom Apartment

Serene three (3) bedroom apartment Location: Lekki, lagos Price: NGN 370 million Title: Governor's consent building approval Features: - Sizable living area - Modern fittings - Modern bathroom wares - Gym - Elevator - Swimming Pool - All rooms en-suite - Balcony - 24hours Security - Ample Parking space - Fitted Kitchen - Security entrance door - Secured and Serene Environment For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an emaiil to: [email protected] Or call / whatsapp Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / Call / Call : +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds
Tapek Homes
Two Bedroom Apartment Suitable for Rental Income — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
11
₦300,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Two Bedroom Apartment Suitable for Rental Income

One and two bedroom apartment suitable for shortlet investment and good roi. Location: Lekki phase 1, lagos Price: Two bedroom: NGN 300 million Title: CofO building approval Features: - Newly Built - Inbuilt speaker - Sizable living area - All rooms en-suite - Balcony - Swimming Pool - Gym - Elevator - 24hours Security - Ample Parking space - Fitted Kitchen - Top tier fittings - Security door - Modern Bathroom wares - Microwave - Oven - Heat extractor - Serene environment - Secured environment For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an emaiil to: [email protected] Or call / whatsapp Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / Call / Call : +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds
Tapek Homes
Luxury 3-Bedroom Apartment — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
13
₦350,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Luxury 3-Bedroom Apartment

For sale Luxury 3-Bedroom Apartment -- Lekki Phase 1 Experience refined urban living in this beautifully designed 3-bedroom apartment, offering spacious interiors, premium finishes, and resort-style amenities in one of Lagos' most prestigious neighborhoods. Lekki Phase 1, Lagos ₦350 Million Title: Governor's Consent & Approved Building Plan Property Highlights:- Spacious 3-Bedroom Apartment- All Bedrooms Ensuite- Elegant Living & Dining Area- Fully Fitted Contemporary Kitchen- Modern Architectural Design- Premium pop Ceilings- Chandeliers- Private Balcony- Water Heaters- Waiting Lounge/Reception Area- Swimming Pool- Fully Equipped Gym- High-Speed Elevator- Ample Parking Space- Interlocked Roads- Located Within a Secure Estate Designed for discerning homeowners and savvy investors, this residence offers the perfect combination of luxury, convenience, and long-term investment value in the heart of Lekki Phase 1. Contact Brick & Click Realty today to schedule your private inspection.

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
Brick and Click Realty Limited
New 5-Bedroom Detached Duplex + BQ — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
12 Video
₦600,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

New 5-Bedroom Detached Duplex + BQ

New 5-Bedroom Detached Duplex + BQ Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Title: Governor's Consent Property Features: - Brand New 5 Spacious Ensuite Bedrooms - Boys' Quarters (BQ) - Self-Compound with Ample Parking - Expansive Living & Dining Areas - Fully Fitted Modern Kitchen - Family Lounge - Premium Interior Finishes - Secure & Serene Environment Whether you're buying for your family or adding a premium asset to your investment portfolio, this home offers outstanding value in one of Lagos' most prestigious neighborhoods.

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 3 Parking
Brick and Click Realty Limited
Luxury 4-Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
17
₦465,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Luxury 4-Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ

Luxury 4-Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ in Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Location: Lekki Phase 1, Lagos, Nigeria Price: ₦465,000,000 Own this spacious 4-bedroom terrace duplex with BQ in Lekki Phase 1, located in one of Lagos' most sought-after neighborhoods. Perfect for homeowners, investors, or businesses seeking a premium property with excellent commercial potential. Property Features 4 Spacious Ensuite Bedrooms Boys' Quarters (BQ) Large Living Area Functional & Well-Planned Layout Ample Parking Space Generous Outdoor Space Mature & Well-Maintained Building Flood-Free Environment Serene, Secure Estate Excellent Road Network & Easy Accessibility Close to Major Roads, Business Districts & Residential Hubs Ideal For Luxury Family Residence Corporate Office Medical Clinic School or Training Centre Hospitality Business Commercial or Mixed-Use Development * High-Yield Real Estate Investment Title: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) Located in the heart of Lekki Phase 1, this property offers exceptional accessibility, strong rental demand, and excellent capital appreciation, making it a smart investment in Lagos real estate.

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 3 Parking
Brick and Click Realty Limited
Bespoke Finished 2-Bedroom Apartments — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
19
₦250,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Bespoke Finished 2-Bedroom Apartments

Bespoke 2-Bedroom Apartments -- Lekki Phase 1 Own a stylish home or secure a high-yield investment in one of Lagos' most prestigious neighborhoods. These contemporary apartments combine elegant finishes with premium lifestyle amenities, making them ideal for homeowners and investors alike. Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Price: ₦250 Million Property Highlights:- Modern pop Ceilings - Fully Fitted Contemporary Kitchen- Premium Interior Finishes- Spacious Built-in Wardrobes- Water Heater- Heat Extractor- Swimming Pool- Fully Equipped Gym- Secure & Well-Maintained Development Whether you're buying your first luxury apartment, expanding your property portfolio, or investing in a thriving rental market, this development offers exceptional value in the heart of Lekki Phase 1. Contact Brick & Click Realty today to schedule your private inspection.

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets 2 Parking
Brick and Click Realty Limited
Brand New Two (2) Bedroom Flat — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
20
₦400,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Brand New Two (2) Bedroom Flat

A property to invest and to live in Property Type: Brand new two bedroom flat Location: Lekki phase 1, lagos Price: - Flat: NGN 400 million Title: CofO building approval Features: - Newly Built - Inbuilt speaker - Sizable living area - All rooms en-suite - Conceirge - Balcony - Swimming Pool - Gym - Elevator - 24hours Security - Ample Parking space - Fitted Kitchen - Top tier fittings - Security door - Modern Bathroom wares - Microwave - Oven - Heat extractor - Serene environment - Secured environment For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an emaiil to: [email protected] Or call / whatsapp Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / Call / Call : +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 2 toilets
Tapek Homes
Premium 1 Bedroom Apartments — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
14
₦155,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Premium 1 Bedroom Apartments

Premium 1 Bedroom Apartments---Lekki Phase 1 Own a stylish home or secure a high-yield investment in one of Lagos' most prestigious neighborhoods. These contemporary apartments combine elegant finishes with premium lifestyle amenities, making them ideal for homeowners and investors alike. Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Property Highlights: - Modern pop Ceilings - Fully Fitted Contemporary Kitchen - Premium Interior Finishes - Spacious Built-in Wardrobes - Water Heater - Heat Extractor - Swimming Pool - Fully Equipped Gym - Secure & Well-Maintained Development Whether you're buying your first luxury apartment, expanding your property portfolio, or investing in a thriving rental market, this development offers exceptional value in the heart of Lekki Phase 1. **Contact Brick & Click Realty today to schedule your private inspection.

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
1 bed 1 bath 2 toilets
Brick and Click Realty Limited
Currently One of the Architecturally Striking Home — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
17
₦1,100,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Currently One of the Architecturally Striking Home

Currently one of the architecturally striking home in lekki. Five (5) bedroom detached duplex for sale Location: Lekki phase 1, lagos Pric: NGN 1.1 billion naira Title: Governor's consent building approval Features: - Serene Estate - Spacious living area - Premium Bathroom wares - Security doors - Family Lounge - Spacious bedrooms - Cinema - Gym space - Rooftop Terrace - Swimming Pool - Balcony - Inbuilt speakers - Modern lightings - Refrigerator - Washing Machine - Microwave - Oven - Guest Bathroom - Walk-in Closets - Maid's Room - Pantry - Ample car park - Fitted Kitchen - Secured Estate For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an emaiil to: [email protected] Or call / whatsapp Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / Call / Call : +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds
Tapek Homes
Premium and Deluxe 2 Bedroom Apartments — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
11
₦320,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Premium and Deluxe 2 Bedroom Apartments

When WE talk about premium and deluxe, WE are talking about this 2 bedroom apartments well crafted and nestled in lekki. Location: Lekki, lagos Price: 2 Bed: NGN 320 million asking Title: Governor's consent building approval Features: - Spacious living area - Spacious aisles - All rooms en-suite - Elevator - Calm neighborhood - Balcony - Rooftop Swimming Pool - Gym - 24hours Security - 24 hours power - Ample Parking space - Fitted Kitchen - Top tier fittings - Security doors - Modern Bathroom wares - Microwave - Oven - Heat extractor - Secured and Serene Environment For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an emaiil to: [email protected] Or call / whatsapp Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / Call / Call : +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 2 toilets
Tapek Homes
Fully Smart and Automated Two Bedroom Apartment — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
10
₦320,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Fully Smart and Automated Two Bedroom Apartment

This is the best time to buy into this project: Fully smart and automated 2 bedroom apartments in lekki. Let IT not BE said that you heard of IT and missed IT. IT can BE very painful! Location: Lekki, lagos Price: 2 Bed: NGN 320 million asking Title: Governor's consent building approval Features: - Fully automated - Smart home - Voice control devices - All rooms en-suite - Elevator - Sizable living room - Balcony - Swimming Pool - Gym - 24hours Security - Ample Parking space - Fitted Kitchen - Top tier fittings - Security door - Modern Bathroom wares - Microwave - Oven - Heat extractor - Secured and Serene Estate For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an emaiil to: [email protected] Or call / whatsapp Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / Call / Call : +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds
Tapek Homes
Direct Brief: Newly Built 3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
9
₦500,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Direct Brief: Newly Built 3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ

Newly built three (3) bedroom apartment Location: Lekki phase 1, lagos Price: NGN 500 million Title: Governor's consent building approval Features: - Sizable living area - Modern fittings - Modern bathroom wares - Gym - Elevator - Swimming Pool - All rooms en-suite - Balcony - a room BQ - 24hours Security - Ample Parking space - Fitted Kitchen - Security entrance door - Secured and Serene Environment For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an emaiil to: [email protected] Or call / whatsapp Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / WhatsApp: +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
Tapek Homes
Direct Brief: Modern 3 Bedrooms + Rooftop Gym, Lounge and Gym — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
11
₦550,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Direct Brief: Modern 3 Bedrooms + Rooftop Gym, Lounge and Gym

Modern three (3) bedroom apartment Location: Lekki phase 1, lagos Price: NGN 550 million Title: Governor's consent building approval Features: - Sizable living area - Modern fittings - Modern bathroom wares - Rooftop Gym - Rooftop Lounge - Elevator - Suspended Swimming Pool - All rooms en-suite - Balcony - a room BQ - 24hours Security - Ample Parking space - Fitted Kitchen - Security entrance door - Secured and Serene Environment For physical viewing or for more enquiries please send an emaiil to: [email protected] Or call / whatsapp Call / WhatsApp: +234 806 700 6501 Call / WhatsApp: +234 813 622 9383 Call / Call / Call / : +234 701 166 2628

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
Tapek Homes

Showing 1,321–1,341 of 8,303 properties

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos is ₦450,000,000.

The price of the most expensive furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos is ₦6,000,000,000.

The price of the cheapest furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos is ₦1,600,000.

There are 8,303 available furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.