Nigeria Property Centre

Houses for Sale in Nigeria

There are 57,260 houses for sale across Nigeria. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Bedrooms
1 Bedroom 2 Bedrooms 3 Bedrooms 4 Bedrooms 5 Bedrooms 6+ Bedrooms
Property type
Block of Flats Terraced Duplexes Terraced Bungalows Semi-detached Bungalows Detached Bungalows Semi-detached Duplexes Detached Duplexes
Browse by state
Abia Abuja Adamawa Akwa Ibom Anambra Bauchi Bayelsa Benue Borno Cross River Delta Ebonyi Edo Ekiti Enugu Gombe Imo Jigawa Kaduna Kano Katsina Kebbi Kogi Kwara Lagos Nasarawa Niger Ogun Ondo Osun Oyo Plateau Rivers Sokoto Taraba Yobe Zamfara
Features
Serviced Furnished Unfurnished

2,861–2,881 of 57,260 properties for sale

Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Luxury Fully Furnished 5 Bedroom Smart House
Verified Photos
25 photos
₦1,000,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury Fully Furnished 5 Bedroom Smart House

Direct brief/We have direct instructions from the owner to sell. ~ Exclusive listing. For sale - Fully Furnished Contemporary Five (5) Bedroom Fully Detached House Smart House With An Elevator. Located in a highly secured estate and one of the best estates in Lekki. Land size : 600 Square meters. Price without furniture : ₦1,000,000,000 (One Billion Naira). Price with furniture : N1.1 Billion. Features include : - Fully furnished - Smart house automation - 5 Bedrooms (all en-suite). - Maid room/boy's quarter (bq). - Laundry room. - Fully equipped kitchen with a double door refrigerator, microwave, oven, dishwasher, etc. - Elevator/lift. - 2 Kitchens (wet and dry kitchen). - Amazing exterior and interior finishes - Kitchen pantry. - Swimming pool with a sunken pit lounge. - Furnished cinema. - Equipped gym room. - Study/ home office. - Space for a gazebo/cabana. - Rooftop terraces (front and back terraces). - Double volume high living room ceiling - Family lounges/living rooms (2 nos. ) - Spacious rooms. - Dining area. - Staircases with motion sensor lights. - Bathrooms with motion sensor lights. - Spacious compound. - Water heaters. - Walk-in closets. - Walk-in showers. - Interior and exterior surveillance cameras 360°. - Maid room/boy's quarter (bq). - Automated gate. - Can be sold with or without the furniture. - etc. Gated community/estate features include: - Serenity. - 24hrs security. - 24hrs power supply. - Clean supply. - Excellent drainage (flooding is literally impossible). - Excellent road network. - Sport & recreation facilities. - Estate club house for residents. - the estate is also beautified with trees and regularly mowed gardens. - Offers prestige. For further enquiries and inspection kindly contact us on 07065266133, 07010281009 Email: [email protected] We have houses for sale in pinnock beach estate & arcadia grove estate, whiteoak estate ologolo, nicon town estate, victory park estate, cowrie creek estate, lekki county road, ologolo, vgc, lakeview estate, vintage park estate, northern foreshore estate, carlton gate estate, lakeview park 1 estate, lakeview park 2 estate, megamound estate, lekki phase 1, etc

Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets

Bera Deals

Contact Agent
4 Bedrooms Fully Detached with BQ
Premium
15
₦220,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

4 Bedrooms Fully Detached with BQ

4 bedroom fully detached with Bq Features : - Spacious - Fully Fitted Kitchen - Secured Estate - ⁠walk in shower - BQ

Sangotedo, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 2 Parking
Bree Propertiesng
6 Bedroom Semi Detached with Gym, Cinema and Swimming Pool
Premium
19
₦900,000,000

House for sale

6 Bedroom Semi Detached with Gym, Cinema and Swimming Pool

6bedroom semi detached with Gym, Cinema and swimming pool Features : - Spacious -Smart Home - Fully Fitted Kitchen - Swimming Pool - Secured Estate - ⁠walk in shower - BQ -Study

Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
6 Beds 6 Baths 7 Toilets 4 Parking
Bree Propertiesng
Clean & Spacious 3-Bedrooms Fully Detached Penthouse with BQ
Premium
1
₦180,000,000

Detached bungalow for sale

Clean & Spacious 3-Bedrooms Fully Detached Penthouse with BQ

3bed lokogoma 180M a Clean & spacious 3-bedrooms fully Detached Penthouse with BQ is Currently Available For Sale Inside n a Serene n Secure Estate. Location: Lokogoma district, abuja tarred access road ️ featuring All rooms en-suite Spacious kitchen Spacious living area Guest toilet Attached 1bedroom BQ Well equipped kitchen with inbuilt appliances like fridge, gas cooker, washing machine, microwave heater extractor etc.. Ample parking space Secured Neighbourhood Spacious compound Price: 180Million 5% facilitator's fee from the buyer applies

Lokogoma District, Abuja
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
Debs Properties
6-Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex in a Secure Estate
Premium
16
₦1,200,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

6-Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex in a Secure Estate

For sale Mabushi, Abuja 6-Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex in a Secure Estate Price: ₦1.2 Billion Property Features: - 6 Spacious En-Suite Bedrooms - Detached Boys' Quarters (BQ) - Located in a Secure & Serene Estate - Spacious Living Areas - Fully Fitted Kitchen - Ample Parking Space - Premium Finishes - Excellent Road Network - Ideal for Luxury Family Living Location: Mabushi, Abuja Contact us today to schedule an inspection.

Mabushi, Abuja
6 Beds 6 Baths 7 Toilets
Debs Properties
Lovely 4 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex in a Secured Estate
Premium
14
₦180,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Lovely 4 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex in a Secured Estate

3 & 4bedroom fully detached duplex for sale. Amenities: - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing - [ ] Wardrobes - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor Location : ikota lekki lagos Price: 3bedroom : 150M 4bedroom : 180M For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected] We currently have premium homes available for sale across some of Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki Phase 1, Ikate, Salem, Ologolo, Jakande, Osapa London, Agungi, New Road, Chevron, Eleganza, Orchid, Ikota, VGC and Ajah's most sought-after locations, including: Ikota (Lekki County Homes, Megamound Estate, Westend Estate, Cluster One Estate, Ikota Villa Estate, Ikota GRA)

Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 2 Parking
Idealplace_properties
Contemporary 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex + BQ, Pool, Cinema, Gym
Premium
13
₦1,100,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Contemporary 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex + BQ, Pool, Cinema, Gym

Contemporary 5bedroom fully detached duplex for sale. Amenities: - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing - [ ] Wardrobes - [ ] Luxury Finishing - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor - ⁠[ ] BQ - ⁠[ ] Swimming pool - [ ] Cinema - ⁠[ ] Gym - [ ] Open Terrace Location : lekki phase 1 Lagos Nigeria Price: : 1.1B For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected] We currently have premium homes available for sale across some of Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki Phase 1, Ikate, Salem, Ologolo, Jakande, Osapa London, Agungi, New Road, Chevron, Eleganza, Orchid, Ikota, VGC and Ajah's most sought-after locations, including: Lekki Phase 1 (Admiralty Way, Fola Osibo Street, Freedom Way -- Admiralty Way Extension, Omorinre Johnson Street, Bisola Durosinmi Etti Street, Emma Abimbola Cole Street, Theophilus Oji Street, T. F. Kuboye Road, Nike Art Gallery Road, Kayode Animashaun Street, Hakeem Dickson Drive, Hunponu-Wusu Road, Engr. George Enenmoh Crescent, Fatai Idowu Arobieke Street)

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 3 Parking
Idealplace_properties
A Comfortable 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex
Premium
18
₦850,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

A Comfortable 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex

A comfortable 4 bedroom semi detached - lekki phase 1, lagos state. Price: ₦850,000,000. Features, Facilities & Functionalities: -Brand New -Top of-line finish -Ensuite rooms -Aesthetic pop ceilings -Water heater -Kitchen Heat Extractor -Clean Treated water -Spacious living room -Top quality tiles -Ample parking spaces -Good access roads -Flood free -Balconies Title:Governor's consent Building Approval For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected] We currently have premium homes available for sale across some of Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki Phase 1, Ikate, Salem, Ologolo, Jakande, Osapa London, Agungi, New Road, Chevron, Eleganza, Orchid, Ikota, VGC and Ajah's most sought-after locations, including: Lekki Phase 1 (Admiralty Way, Fola Osibo Street, Freedom Way -- Admiralty Way Extension, Omorinre Johnson Street, Bisola Durosinmi Etti Street, Emma Abimbola Cole Street, Theophilus Oji Street, T. F. Kuboye Road, Nike Art Gallery Road, Kayode Animashaun Street, Hakeem Dickson Drive, Hunponu-Wusu Road, Engr. George Enenmoh Crescent, Fatai Idowu Arobieke Street)

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 3 Parking
Idealplace_properties
Luxury 4 Bedrooms Duplex Carcass
Premium
5
₦45,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 4 Bedrooms Duplex Carcass

Luxury 4Bedroom Duplex Carcass With B.Q And Big Compound Measuring 600 Square Meters, Built For Luxury, Comfort And Security In An Estate In Lugbe District. Abuja - Nigeria. Price = 45million (45,000,000). Note: 5% Profession Fee Apply. Title: Rofo And Estate Allocation Letter. Features: - Very Serene And Secured Environment Blended With Nature. - Well Managed Estate. - Steady Power Supply. - 24 Hours Security. - Available Water. - Excellent Space Arrangement (Internally And Externally). - Spacious Compound To Wind And Unwind. - Excellent Rental And Resale Values (Good Return On Investment). - It Is a Must-See (Good Value For Money). - Don't Miss This Opportunity (This Is Indeed a Value For Money Investment). For Enquiries or Inspection Please Contact: Goldmind Global Homes Nig Ltd, Suite C10, 2nd Floor, Broadway Mall, Behind Kaura Market, Opposite Prince And Princess Estate (2nd Gate), Abuja -- Nigeria. or Call/Whatsapp: 07055558560. 07064844447. Note: Site inspection is strictly on appointment. Goldmind Global Homes Nig Ltd Specialise basically on real estate development, Buying, selling and renting of Property, Property management, building/construction works, estate valuers & brokers, site supervision, Architect and project management. (F1.O12.JUN.26)

Fha (F.h.a), Lugbe District, Abuja
4 Beds 5 Baths 5 Toilets 5 Parking
Goldmind Global Homes Nig LTD
Luxury Built and Contemporary Finished 5 Bedroom Detach House +cinema
Premium
23
₦650,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury Built and Contemporary Finished 5 Bedroom Detach House +cinema

This elegant fully detached 5 bedroom home, set within a spacious compound that offers ample parking for multiple cars. As you enter, a grand double-volume door with a smart lock opens into a beautifully finished anteroom, adorned with rich wood details. Beyond, a vast double volume living room stretches upward to the second floor, with a stunning wood accented wall perfect for showcasing art, figurines, or awards. Just off the anteroom, you'll find a private guest room and a guest toilet. The home flows into a large dining area, which adjoins a meticulously crafted kitchen, rich in wood finishes, complete with a pantry, microwave, oven, gas burner, and a double wash basin, plus a storage room. Step out from the dining area, and a large, inviting swimming pool awaits, providing a perfect outdoor retreat. On the second floor, a sprawling family lounge overlooks the living room below, creating a dynamic open space. This floor features three spacious, en-suite bedrooms, along with a box room, laundry room, gym room and cinema. Then, on the top, penthouse floor, you'll discover the grand master bedroom, an opulent retreat with a walk-in closet, a vast double wardrobe, a spa-inspired bathroom, and study. The open terrace on this floor encircles the home, offering breathtaking panoramic views. This contemporary masterpiece, with its superior finishes and timeless design, is a perfect haven for a large, discerning family. Location: Megamound Estate, Ikota Lekki Lagos Price:N650Million Documents: C of O Build Approval Book a viewing today with; Nnenna 08083233032 / Patricia 09044272524 Email [email protected] [email protected] www.nevickhillsrealty.com

Megamound Estate Lekky County Homes, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 5 Parking
Nevickhills Limited
Luxury 4 Bedroom Duplex Carcass
Premium
5
₦115,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 4 Bedroom Duplex Carcass

Luxury 4Bedroom Fully Detach Duplex Carcass With B.Q And Big Compound Measuring 750 Square Meters, Built For Luxury, Comfort And Security In An Estate In Lugbe District. Abuja - Nigeria. Price = 115million (115,000,000). Note: 5% Profession Fee Apply. Title: Rofo And Estate Allocation Letter. Features: - Very Serene And Secured Environment Blended With Nature. - Well Managed Estate. - Steady Power Supply. - 24 Hours Security. - Available Water. - Excellent Space Arrangement (Internally And Externally). - Spacious Compound To Wind And Unwind. - Excellent Rental And Resale Values (Good Return On Investment). - It Is a Must-See (Good Value For Money). - Don't Miss This Opportunity (This Is Indeed a Value For Money Investment). For Enquiries or Inspection Please Contact: Goldmind Global Homes Nig Ltd, Suite C10, 2nd Floor, Broadway Mall, Behind Kaura Market, Opposite Prince And Princess Estate (2nd Gate), Abuja -- Nigeria. or Call/Whatsapp: 07055558560. 07064844447. Note: Site inspection is strictly on appointment. Goldmind Global Homes Nig Ltd Specialise basically on real estate development, Buying, selling and renting of Property, Property management, building/construction works, estate valuers & brokers, site supervision, Architect and project management. (F1.O11.JUN.26)

Lugbe District, Abuja
4 Beds 5 Baths 5 Toilets 5 Parking
Goldmind Global Homes Nig LTD
Newly Furnished 4 Bedrooms Terraced Duplex with BQ
Premium
3
₦250,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Newly Furnished 4 Bedrooms Terraced Duplex with BQ

4bedroom terrace duplex for sale Amenities: - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing - [ ] Wardrobes - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor and Location: Chevron lekki lagos Price: Unfurnished: 235M

Chevron, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 3 Parking
Marketbooy of Lagos
5 Bedroom Detached Duplex Within a Well Planned Estate
Premium
21
₦850,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Detached Duplex Within a Well Planned Estate

Luxury 5bedroom semi detached duplex for sale. Amenities: - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing - [ ] Wardrobes - [ ] Luxury Finishing - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor - ⁠[ ] BQ - ⁠[ ] Swimming pool - [ ] Cinema - ⁠[ ] GYM - [ ] Open Terrace Location : ikate lekki lagos nigeria Price: : 850M

Close Proximity to Spar, Mobil, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 4 Parking
Marketbooy of Lagos
5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Massive Compound Space
Premium
14
₦550,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Massive Compound Space

Luxury 5bedroom fully detached duplex for sale. Amenities: - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing - [ ] Wardrobes - [ ] Luxury Finishing - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor - ⁠[ ] BQ - ⁠[ ] Cinema - ⁠[ ]Swimming pool Location :lekky county homes ikota lekki lagos Price: N550M

Lekky County, Lekki, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets 4 Parking
Marketbooy of Lagos
Luxury 4 Bedroom Penthouse Carcass
Premium
6
₦50,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 4 Bedroom Penthouse Carcass

Luxury 4Bedroom Penthouse Carcass With B.Q And Big Compound Measuring 600 Square Meters, Built For Luxury, Comfort And Security In An Estate In Lugbe District. Abuja - Nigeria. Price = 50million (50,000,000). Note: 5% Profession Fee Apply. Title: Rofo And Estate Allocation Letter. Features: - Very Serene And Secured Environment Blended With Nature. - Well Managed Estate. - Steady Power Supply. - 24 Hours Security. - Available Water. - Excellent Space Arrangement (Internally And Externally). - Spacious Compound To Wind And Unwind. - Excellent Rental And Resale Values (Good Return On Investment). - It Is a Must-See (Good Value For Money). - Don't Miss This Opportunity (This Is Indeed a Value For Money Investment). For Enquiries or Inspection Please Contact: Goldmind Global Homes Nig Ltd, Suite C10, 2nd Floor, Broadway Mall, Behind Kaura Market, Opposite Prince And Princess Estate (2nd Gate), Abuja -- Nigeria. or Call/Whatsapp: 07055558560. 07064844447. Note: Site inspection is strictly on appointment. Goldmind Global Homes Nig Ltd Specialise basically on real estate development, Buying, selling and renting of Property, Property management, building/construction works, estate valuers & brokers, site supervision, Architect and project management. (F1.O1.JUN.26)

Lugbe District, Abuja
4 Beds 5 Baths 5 Toilets 5 Parking
Goldmind Global Homes Nig LTD
Modern Built Beautiful 3 Bedroom Bungalow
Premium
13
₦115,000,000

Detached bungalow for sale

Modern Built Beautiful 3 Bedroom Bungalow

This is beautiful and affordable 🥰🥰🥰🥰 3 Bedroom Furnished Bungalow For Sale Location: off Gateway Junction Ada George, Port Harcourt Price:N115M Naira Features : Screeded walls All rooms en-suite Drop down chandelier CCTV Pop ceiling Water heaters Increte floor Double volume ceiling Cross ventilation Heat extractor Solar panels and batteries Constan power supply Parking lot for 4 Cars Fitted kitchen Washing machine Bed frames Wall frames Inverter Ac in all rooms Dstv Sumo Security House ️ Eduphil... 08038743912 #fypシ #postviralシ #beauty #viralpost2025シ #fypreelsシ゚viralシ #viralpost2026 #nigeriansincanada #nigeriansineurope #nigeriansinuk #bungalow #portharcourt #residential

Off Gateway Junction Ada George, Rumueprikom, Port Harcourt, Rivers
3 Beds 4 Baths 4 Toilets 4 Parking
Eduphil Properties
Newly Built Exotic 4 Bedroom Duplex with Swimming Pool and Cinema
Premium
11
₦350,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Newly Built Exotic 4 Bedroom Duplex with Swimming Pool and Cinema

Semi Furnished Contemporary 4Bedroom Duplex wt Pool & Cinema For Sale Location: Cocaine Estate Port Harcourt Price: 350M Naira Title: C of O Features: Alexa Enabled Ample parking space Cctv Ante room Secure estate Constant power supply Swimming pool wt Pool spa (Extn Jacuzzi) Cinema Fitted kitchen Water heaters Gate house Stamped concrete floor etc For Private Viewing ️ Eduphil.. 08038743912

Cocaine/Hillview Estate Off Aba Road, Rumuogba, Port Harcourt, Rivers
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 4 Parking
Eduphil Properties
California Luxurious 3 Bedroom Bungalow
Premium
17
₦125,000,000

Detached bungalow for sale

California Luxurious 3 Bedroom Bungalow

Brand new 3 bedroom bungalow for sale Location: Ada George, Port Harcourt Price: 125M Features - 12kva Hybrid inverter & 15kwh battery with 12 bifacial panels, 650watts each. - 1500kg automated gate. - Smart lock entrance with facial recognition. - Bulletproof exit (kitchen) door. - Fully fitted kitchen with built-in gas cooker, microwave, oven, heat extractor & water heater. - 4 Fully fitted bathrooms with sensor mirrors. - Stamped concrete floor. - Wall-mounted solar wall lights. - Electric fence with backup 100w panel energizer. - Automatic Pressure Pump. - All en-suite rooms with double volume ceiling. - Chandeliers. - Ample parking space. - DoubleView CCTV. - Gated estate with good drainage system Tarred Access Roads For Private Viewing call Eduphil properties.. 08038743912 Instagram .. Eduphil properties Tiktoc.. Eduphil properties

Ada George, Rumueprikom, Port Harcourt, Rivers
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 3 Parking
Eduphil Properties
4 Blocks of 20 Units Apartments on 1543SQM Land
Premium
3
₦5,000,000,000

Block of flats for sale

4 Blocks of 20 Units Apartments on 1543SQM Land

For sale! _4 Blocks of 20-unit apartments (A MINI-ESTATE) in oniru, victoria island, lagos are UP for outright sale_ _a Well Maintained Modern Pristine Block Of 20-Unit Apartment Flats Comprising Of The Following Accommodation Details:_ _12 Units Of 2Bedroom Flats_ _8 Units Of 1Bedroom Flats_ _Gatehouse_ _Generator House, Etc_ _*Location:*Off Ayodele Babatunde Crescent, Oniru, VI_ Land Size: 1,543sqm Title: C of O Price: N5 Billion net! Agency Fee: 5% DaAka

Off Ayodele Babatunde Crescent, Oniru, Victoria Island (VI), Lagos
2 Beds
Enrom Projects LTD
Fully Furnished Studio Apartment
Premium
14
₦45,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Fully Furnished Studio Apartment

Fully furnished studio apartment at Bradford Apartment, Akoka, Yaba. Price: N45M Currently being managed by Us and the current owner is recieving N300k every month

Bradford Apartment, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos
1 Beds 1 Baths 1 Toilets 1 Parking
Mide__properties
5-Bedroom Detached Villas Installment Payment Plan Off Plan
Premium
4
$2,500,000

Detached duplex for sale

5-Bedroom Detached Villas Installment Payment Plan Off Plan

exquisite 5-bedroom detached villas in Banana Island, combining privacy, elegance, and modern living. Designed for refined comfort, each villa features expansive living spaces, rooftop lounges, private pools, and premium finishes. With top-tier security, ample parking, and beautifully landscaped outdoor spaces, The Residences redefines exclusive living in Lagos most prestigious neighborhood.

Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 Beds 5 Baths 6 Toilets
Charis Top Luxury Properties

Showing 2,861–2,881 of 57,260 properties

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of houses for sale in Nigeria is ₦350,000,000.

The price of the most expensive houses for sale in Nigeria is ₦5,000,000,000.

The price of the cheapest houses for sale in Nigeria is ₦15,000,000.

There are 57,260 available houses for sale in Nigeria. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.