Nigeria Property Centre

Unfurnished Property for Rent in Lekki, Lagos

There are 15,812 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for rent in Lekki as of 9 Sep 2026, with an average price of ₦10M. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Neighbourhoods
1st Roundabout 2nd Roundabout 2nd Toll Gate Admiralty Homes Estate Admiralty Road Ajiran Road Alma Beach Estate Alperton Estate Alpha Beach Alpha Beach Estate Alpha Beach Road Arcadia Grove Estate Atlantic Estate Atlantic View Estate Bakare Estate Bayview Estate Bera Estate Bourdillon Court Bridge Gate Estate Brookhill Park Estate Brownstone Estate Buena Vista Estate Cadogan Estate Cadogan Place Estate Canal West Estate Cardogan Estate Carlton Gate Estate Chevron Alternative Route Chevron Drive Chevron Toll Gate Chevy View Estate Chois Gardens Estate Cooplag Gardens Estate Cowrie Creek Estate Cromwell Court Estate Cyberville Estate Eastland Golf Estate Eleganza Estate Elf Estate Estates Estates Estates Estates Fara Park Estate Femi Okunnu Estate Flourish Gate Garden Freedom Way Friends Colony Estate Frisco Court Goshen Estate GRA Green Park Estate Hampton Bay Estate Heirs Park Estate Horizon II Estate House on the Rock HRC Estate Idado Estate Ikota County Estate Ikota Villa Estate Inoyo Havens Estate Itedo Estate Ivy Luxuria Estate Jakande First Gate Jordan Brooke Estates Kusenla Road Lakeview Estate Lekki Conservation Centre Lekki County Estate Lekki Gardens Horizon 1 Lekki Pearl Garden Lekki Scheme 2 Lekki Scheme I LSDPC Estate Maiyegun Beach Estate Manor Gardens Estate Marwa Megamound Estate Melrose Park Estate Milverton Estate Mobil Estate Mobolaji Johnson Estate Napier Gardens Estate New Horizon Estate New Road Nicon Town Northern Foreshore Estate Oba Oyekan Estate Ocean Bay Estate Ocean Breeze Estate Oluwanishola Estate Oral Estate Orchid Estate Orchid Road Paradise Estate Parkview Estate Peach Palms Pearly Gate Estate Periwinkle Lifestyle Estate Pinnock Beach Estate Prime Water View Estate Providence Street Richmond Gate Estate Romay Gardens Estate Royal County Estate Royal Haven Estate Royal Pine Estate Safe Court Apartments Seagate Estate Silicon Valley Estate Southern View Estate South Pointe Estate SPG Road Spring Bay Estate Spring Garden Estate Stillwaters Garden Estate The Grandeur Estate TPDC Estate Treasure Garden Estate Tulip Heaven Estate Twin Lake Estate U3 Estate UPDC Estate Valley Stream Estate Van Daniel Estate Victoria Bay Estate Victoria Crest Estate Victoria Park Estate Victory Park Estate Vintage Park Estate Westend Estate Western Foreshore Estate White Oak Estate Willow Greens Estate Woodland Estate Zion Court Estate

3,081–3,101 of 15,812 properties for rent

Premium Plus Top promoted listing
4 Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplex with Pool and Ocean View
25 photos
₦25,000,000 /yr

Semi-detached duplex for rent

4 Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplex with Pool and Ocean View

Spacious 4 bedroom semidetached with swimming pool and GYM for rent. Location: Jakande ikate lekki Features: - All rooms en-suite - 24hrs security - Gym - Balcony - Good drainage system - Spacious living room - Fitted kitchen - Laundry room - Shower cubicle - Water heater - Industrial Borehole - Swimming pool - Pantry - Good road network - BQ Rent: 25M per annum Agency: 10% Legal: 10% Caution: 10% Service charge: TBD

Jakande, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos Added yesterday
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets

Outstanding Real Estate Limited

Mini Flat — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
12
₦5,500,000 /yr

Mini flat (room and parlour) for rent

Mini Flat

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
1 bed
Cribluxconstruction
Warehouse with Attached Offices — Lekki, Lagos
Premium
3
₦60,000,000 /yr

Warehouse for rent

Warehouse with Attached Offices

Warehouse to let --- chevron / VGC area, lekki 2,540 sqm built warehouse Modern attached offices Gated, secure estate Rare warehouse space in a prime Lekki location, offering 2,540 sqm of built warehouse with very high ceiling clearance and modern office accommodation attached --- a complete operating base rather than storage alone. Ample external space on all sides allows full truck manoeuvring, with three secure gates serving the warehouse directly. Sited within a gated estate monitored 24 hours by estate security. - 2,540 sqm built warehouse - Very high ceiling clearance - Modern, newly constructed attached office spaces - Ample surrounding space for truck access and turning - Two secure warehouse gates - 24-hour estate security, controlled estate entry - Staff quarters available by separate negotiation - Easy access to Chevron roundabout and the Lekki-Epe Expressway Enquiries: +234 811 383 4417 - +234 803 301 5046 - 070 539 78454

Lekki, Lagos
6 Parking
Eleganza
Newly Built & Spacious Apartment — Royal Pine Estate, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
7
₦2,000,000 /yr

Self contain (single rooms) for rent

Newly Built & Spacious Apartment

A spacious and neat ensuite apartment in a secured and gated estate for yearly rental. Orchid, lekki - Rent: N2,000,000 - Service charge: N450,000 - Legal: N200,000 - Caution: N200,000 - Agency: N200,000 - Total: N3,050,000 For Inspection Inquiries: 09136826328 [email protected] Ig/fb/tik/x/sc/tg/yt: @Homezplug

Royal Pine Estate, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
1 bath 1 toilet 4 Parking 800 sqm
Homezplug
Newly Built and Clean 1 Bedroom Apartment — Ocean Harbor, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
10
₦2,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Newly Built and Clean 1 Bedroom Apartment

Partment in a secured and gated estate for yearly rental. Orchid, lekki Rent: N2,000,000 Service charge: N450,000 Legal: N200,000 Caution: N200,000 Agency: N200,000 Total: N3,050,000 For Inspection Inquiries: 09136826328 [email protected] Ig/fb/tik/x/sc/tg/yt: @Homezplug

Ocean Harbor, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
1 bed 1 bath 1 toilet 4 Parking
Homezplug
An Ensuite & Standard Apartment — New Road, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
5
₦2,000,000 /yr

Self contain (single rooms) for rent

An Ensuite & Standard Apartment

A spacious and neat ensuite apartment in a secured and gated environment for yearly rental. New road, lekki Rent: N2,00,000 Service charge: N500,000 Legal: N200,000 Caution: N200,000 Agency: N200,000 Total: N3,100,000 For Inspection Inquiries: 091 3682 6328 [email protected] Ig/fb/tik/x/yt/sc: @homezplug

New Road, Lekki Phase 2, Lekki, Lagos
1 bath 1 toilet 3 Parking 601 sqm
Homezplug
2 Bedroom Flat — Victoria Crest 4M Off Orchid Road, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
1
₦5,500,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

2 Bedroom Flat

2 Bedroom apartment @victoria crest 4 , orchid road Rent 5.5M Agency 10% Legal 10% Caution 10% Service charge 500k Video is available 24 hours light Estate generator Clean water Clean compound Upstairs Son

Victoria Crest 4M Off Orchid Road, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets
Joe Bless Homes and Properties
Luxury Service 2 Bedroom Apartments with Pool Gym — Admiralty Road, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
9
₦12,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Luxury Service 2 Bedroom Apartments with Pool Gym

Luxury services 2 bedroom apartments at lekki With swimming pool and gym,24/7 power supply Rent: 12m S/C: 2m Diesel charge: 2m Legal: 1.2m Agency: 1.2m Caution: 600k

Admiralty Road, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 2 toilets 2 Parking
M.K Properties
Parlour Section Studio Apartment — By Piccadily Hotel, Idado, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
7
₦2,900,000 /yr

Self contain (single rooms) for rent

Parlour Section Studio Apartment

𝐑𝐞𝐧𝐭 2.9m 𝐀𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐟𝐞𝐞 10% 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐞𝐞 10% 𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐞𝐞 10% 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞.... 350k 𝗩𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗼 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁 =𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗯𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 =𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗥𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝗖𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐈𝐍𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐖𝐈𝐍𝐆.... Tim

By Piccadily Hotel, Idado, Lekki, Lagos
1 bath 1 toilet
Joe Bless Homes and Properties
Master Bedroom Shared Apartment — Close to Picadily Hotel, Idado, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
7
₦2,500,000 /yr

Self contain (single rooms) for rent

Master Bedroom Shared Apartment

𝐑𝐞𝐧𝐭 2.5m 𝐀𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐟𝐞𝐞 10% 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐞𝐞 10% 𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐞𝐞 10% 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞.... 350k 𝗩𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗼 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁 =𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗯𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 =𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗥𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝗖𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐈𝐍𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐖𝐈𝐍𝐆.... Tim

Close to Picadily Hotel, Idado, Lekki, Lagos
1 bath 1 toilet
Joe Bless Homes and Properties
Room Downstairs in a Shared Apartment — Close to Piccadily Hotel, Idado, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
4
₦1,600,000 /yr

Self contain (single rooms) for rent

Room Downstairs in a Shared Apartment

𝐑𝐞𝐧𝐭 1.6m 𝐀𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐟𝐞𝐞 10% 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐞𝐞 10% 𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐞𝐞 10% 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞.... 300k 𝗩𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗼 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁 =𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗯𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 =𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗥𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 =𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱 =𝗖𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐈𝐍𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐖𝐈𝐍𝐆.... Tim

Close to Piccadily Hotel, Idado, Lekki, Lagos
1 bath 1 toilet
Joe Bless Homes and Properties
Well Maintained 3 Bedroom Apartment — Chevy View Estate, Lekki Expressway, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
10
₦8,500,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Well Maintained 3 Bedroom Apartment

Well Maintained Spacious 3 Bedroom Apartment available for rent Chevy View Estate, Chevron Rent 8.5m Agency 850 Legal 850 Caution 850 Service charge TBD

Chevy View Estate, Lekki Expressway, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 3 Parking
360 Degree Properties LTD
Luxury 2 Bedroom Apartment — Harris Drive, VGC, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
8
₦7,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Luxury 2 Bedroom Apartment

To let Brand new 2 bedroom apartment for rent in Harris drive by vgc, lekki Rent : N7Million. Agency: 10% Legal fee :10% Caution fee :10% Service charge 80k monthly Light is pay as you go. $theo

Harris Drive, VGC, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets 2 Parking
Mapida Homes
Spacious 3 Bedroom Apartment — Westend Estate, Lekky County, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
9
₦6,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Spacious 3 Bedroom Apartment

Spacious 3Bedroom apartment for rent in Westend Estate, Lekki County, Ikota Rent: N6M Agency fee: 10% Legal fee : 10% Caution: 10% Service charge : 10% Note; Westend estate is the most secure and flood free estate within Ikota Contact us now for your inspection +2347068359300

Westend Estate, Lekky County, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 2 Parking
Mapida Homes
2 Bedroom Flat with En-Suite Bedrooms — Harris Drive, VGC, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
4
₦7,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

2 Bedroom Flat with En-Suite Bedrooms

Standard 2bedroom flat all room ensuite with swimming pool, Gym @ Hariss drive by VGC off lekki epe Express Lagos Annual rent- #7m Agency- 10% Legal fee-10% Caution -10%

Harris Drive, VGC, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 2 toilets
Asgaf Homes Limited
3 Bedroom Flat with En-Suite Bedrooms — Eleganza Estate Opposite VGC, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
2
₦8,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

3 Bedroom Flat with En-Suite Bedrooms

3 bedrooms flat all room ensite at eleganza estate opposite vgc Lekki-Epe Express Lagos state Annual Rent- #8m Agency- 10% Legal fee-10% Caution -10%

Eleganza Estate Opposite VGC, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 3 toilets
Asgaf Homes Limited
Luxurious Mini Flat in a Secured Estate — Behind Domino's, Ologolo, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
8
₦3,000,000 /yr

Mini flat (room and parlour) for rent

Luxurious Mini Flat in a Secured Estate

Open plan kitchen at ocean breeze estate ologologo for rent. Rent is 3m Legal 10% Caution 10% Agency 10% No service charge Self prepaid metre The place is ready to move in If you have anyone that is intrested and serious.

Behind Domino's, Ologolo, Lekki, Lagos
1 bed 1 bath
Dbillion Estates
Commercial Land — Elf, Opposite Mega Chicken, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
1
₦125,000,000 /yr

Commercial land for rent

Commercial Land

Land for lease --- lekki phase 1 A strategically positioned 1,940sqm commercial land directly facing Mega Chicken on the Lekki Expressway, offering excellent visibility and accessibility in one of Lagos' high-demand commercial corridors. Location: Elf, opposite Mega Chicken, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos Land Size: 1,940sqm Title: Governor's Consent Lease Price: ₦125,000,000 per annum (Asking) Lease Terms - 3 years upfront payment - 10-year lease term acceptable - Agency Fee: 10% of gross lease value - Legal Fee: 10% of gross lease value Ideal For - Church - Restaurant - Car Lot / Automobile Showroom - Event Centre - Gym / Fitness Centre - Other high-visibility commercial ventures Prime location. Excellent visibility. Strong commercial potential. --- inspection and further details available on request and video as well #Tolet ark

Elf, Opposite Mega Chicken, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
1940 sqm
Life's Luxury
Exquisite Spacious Serviced 3 Bedroom Apartment (Upstairs) — Orchid Road Opposite Buena Vista Estate ., Lekki, Lagos
Premium
11
₦6,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Exquisite Spacious Serviced 3 Bedroom Apartment (Upstairs)

Direct listing Exquisite spacious serviced 3 Bedroom Apartment (Upstairs) Rent: 6M- Property Comes Unfurnished Agency: 10% Legal: 10% Caution: 10% Service Charge: 715k yearly Monthly Diesel deposit: 80k monthly Generator operates for 10hrs - 7pm -2am and 5am - 8am note - comes unfurnished I AM the mandate

Orchid Road Opposite Buena Vista Estate ., Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 3 Parking
Zeetani Properties
Luxury Self Contain with Balcony — Ikota Villa, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
5
₦2,700,000 /yr

Self contain (single rooms) for rent

Luxury Self Contain with Balcony

Direct letting (PRICE REDUCTION) Spacious Masters Bedroom with Balcony. Location: Ikota Villa Estate, Lekki Lagos. Rent: 2.7M yearly Agency: 270k Legal: 270k Caution: 270k Service charge: 400k Total package: 3,910.000 - Has it's own open plan kitchen - Close to the Estate gate - Clean water - Secured Estate - Steady light - Spacious bathroom Fastest Finger I AM the mandate 19/08

Ikota Villa, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
1 bath 1 toilet 1 Parking
Zeetani Properties
5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with 2 BQ — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
24
₦40,000,000 /yr

Detached duplex for rent

5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with 2 BQ

Spacious 5 bedroom detached duplex with a 2 Bq Rent: 40m Agency legal and caution 10%

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 4 Parking
Adams Realties

Showing 3,081–3,101 of 15,812 properties

Area Guide

About Lekki, Lagos

Lekki is a city located in the eastern part of Lagos. Lekki is a naturally formed peninsula, adjoining to its west Victoria Island and Ikoyi districts of Lagos, with the Atlantic Ocean to its south, Lagos Lagoon to the north, and Lekki Lagoon to its east; however, the city's southeast which ends at around the western edge of Refuge Island, adjoins the eastern part of Ibeju-Lekki LGA. 

The peninsula is approximately 70 to 80km long, with an average width of 10km. Lekki currently houses several Estates, gated residential developments, agricultural farmlands, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.

Read the full area guide
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for rent in Lekki, Lagos is ₦10,000,000 per annum.

The price of the most expensive furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for rent in Lekki, Lagos is ₦90,000,000 per annum.

The price of the cheapest furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for rent in Lekki, Lagos is ₦1,000,000 per annum.

There are 15,812 available furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for rent in Lekki, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.