Nigeria Property Centre

Property for Rent in Lekki, Lagos

There are 16,662 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for rent in Lekki. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Property type
Flats Houses Commercial Property Land Event Centres / Venues
Browse by area in Lekki
Abijo Agungi Idado Igbo Efon Ikate Ikate Elegushi Ikota Ilasan Jakande Lafiaji Lekki Expressway Lekki Free Trade Zone Lekki Phase 1 Lekki Phase 2 Nicon Town Ologolo Orange Island Osapa VGC
Neighbourhoods
1st Roundabout 2nd Roundabout 2nd Toll Gate Admiralty Homes Estate Admiralty Road Ajiran Road Alma Beach Estate Alperton Estate Alpha Beach Alpha Beach Estate Alpha Beach Road Arcadia Grove Estate Atlantic Estate Atlantic View Estate Bakare Estate Bayview Estate Bera Estate Bourdillon Court Bridge Gate Estate Brookhill Park Estate Brownstone Estate Buena Vista Estate Cadogan Estate Cadogan Place Estate Canal West Estate Cardogan Estate Carlton Gate Estate Chevron Alternative Route Chevron Drive Chevron Toll Gate Chevy View Estate Chois Gardens Estate Cooplag Gardens Estate Cowrie Creek Estate Cromwell Court Estate Cyberville Estate Eastland Golf Estate Eleganza Estate Elf Estate Estates Estates Estates Estates Fara Park Estate Femi Okunnu Estate Flourish Gate Garden Freedom Way Friends Colony Estate Frisco Court Goshen Estate GRA Green Park Estate Hampton Bay Estate Heirs Park Estate Horizon II Estate House on the Rock HRC Estate Idado Estate Ikota County Estate Ikota Villa Estate Inoyo Havens Estate Itedo Estate Ivy Luxuria Estate Jakande First Gate Jordan Brooke Estates Kusenla Road Lakeview Estate Lekki Conservation Centre Lekki County Estate Lekki Gardens Horizon 1 Lekki Pearl Garden Lekki Scheme 2 Lekki Scheme I LSDPC Estate Maiyegun Beach Estate Manor Gardens Estate Marwa Megamound Estate Melrose Park Estate Milverton Estate Mobil Estate Mobolaji Johnson Estate Napier Gardens Estate New Horizon Estate New Road Nicon Town Northern Foreshore Estate Oba Oyekan Estate Ocean Bay Estate Ocean Breeze Estate Oluwanishola Estate Oral Estate Orchid Estate Orchid Road Paradise Estate Parkview Estate Peach Palms Pearly Gate Estate Periwinkle Lifestyle Estate Pinnock Beach Estate Prime Water View Estate Providence Street Richmond Gate Estate Romay Gardens Estate Royal County Estate Royal Haven Estate Royal Pine Estate Safe Court Apartments Seagate Estate Silicon Valley Estate Southern View Estate South Pointe Estate SPG Road Spring Bay Estate Spring Garden Estate Stillwaters Garden Estate The Grandeur Estate TPDC Estate Treasure Garden Estate Tulip Heaven Estate Twin Lake Estate U3 Estate UPDC Estate Valley Stream Estate Van Daniel Estate Victoria Bay Estate Victoria Crest Estate Victoria Park Estate Victory Park Estate Vintage Park Estate Westend Estate Western Foreshore Estate White Oak Estate Willow Greens Estate Woodland Estate Zion Court Estate
Features
Furnished Unfurnished
All localities in Lagos

7,141–7,161 of 16,662 properties for rent

Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Fully Furnished and Serviced 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex
23 photos
₦12,000,000 /yr

Terraced duplex for rent

Fully Furnished and Serviced 4 Bedroom Terraced Duplex

Fully Furnished & Serviced 4-Bedroom Terrace Duplex Location: Oral Extension, Eleganza, Lekki, Lagos Experience comfort, style, and convenience in this beautifully furnished and fully serviced 4-bedroom terrace duplex, situated in the serene and secure Oral Extension, Eleganza axis of Lekki. Property Features: Fully furnished with modern furniture Spacious living and dining areas 4 en-suite bedrooms Fully fitted kitchen Air conditioning units Ample parking space 24-hour security Treated water supply Backup power/inverter Well-maintained and serviced environment Rental Details: Rent: ₦12,000,000 Service Charge: ₦750,000 per annum Additional Charges: Agency Fee: 10% Legal Fee: 10% * Caution Fee: 10%

Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 3 Parking

Priormove Properties

Contact Agent
Brand New 3 Bedrooms Apartment
Featured
17
₦16,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Brand New 3 Bedrooms Apartment

𝐓𝐎 𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐍𝐄𝐖 3 𝐁𝐄𝐃𝐑𝐎𝐎𝐌 𝐀𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐀 𝐒𝐖𝐈𝐌𝐌𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐏𝐎𝐎𝐋 & 𝐆𝐘𝐌 𝐔𝐏 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐓... Location: Ikate, lekki 𝐏𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐁𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐊𝐃𝐎𝐖𝐍: - Annual rent : ₦16,000,000 (₦16M) - Agency 10% - ⁠Legal 10% - ⁠caution : 10% - Service charge: ₦1,800,000 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 : - Brand new - Elevator - ⁠Very Spacious Lobby area - ⁠Spacious living area - ⁠Fully fitted spacious kitchen - ⁠All rooms en-suite - ⁠Fully serviced apartment - ⁠24 hours Electricity - ⁠24 hours Security - ⁠Pop Ceiling - ⁠Water Heater - Stamped concrete floor - Swimming pool - ⁠Gym house - ⁠Ample parking Space - ⁠Well treated water - ⁠Well secure Estate (Call to access) 𝐀𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧... RF Deluxe

Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 3 Parking
Able God Properties
Well Maintained 4 Bedrooms Duplex with BQ
Featured
14
₦10,000,000 /yr

Semi-detached duplex for rent

Well Maintained 4 Bedrooms Duplex with BQ

𝐓𝐎 𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐖𝐄𝐋𝐋 𝐌𝐀𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐃 4 𝐁𝐄𝐃𝐑𝐎𝐎𝐌 𝐒𝐄𝐌𝐈 𝐃𝐄𝐓𝐀𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐃 𝐃𝐔𝐏𝐋𝐄𝐗 𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐀 𝐁𝐐 𝐔𝐏 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐓.... Location: Ikota by VGC 𝐏𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐁𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐊𝐃𝐎𝐖𝐍: - Annual rent: ₦10,000,000 (₦10M) - ⁠Agency 10% - ⁠Legal 10% - ⁠Caution 10% - Service Charge: ₦85,000 Monthly 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬: - Well maintained duplex - Well Spacious Duplex - All Rooms Ensuite - Fully Fitted kitchen - Stamped concrete floor - Good Electricity - 24/7 Security - ⁠Ample parking space - Well treated Water - ⁠Well Serene Estate (Call to access) 𝐀𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧... RF Deluxe

Harris Drive Ikota, VGC, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 4 Parking
Able God Properties
Standard Ensuite 3 Bedroom Apartment Upper Floor
Featured
7
₦5,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Standard Ensuite 3 Bedroom Apartment Upper Floor

standard ensuit 3 bedroom apt available to let upper floor Location: askamaya by ikota, lekki, lagos nigeria. Rent: 5m Agency: Legal: Rcd: S/c: 500,000 total: n7,000,000

Askamaya, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
Property Nerds Management
Fully Furnished 3 Bedroom Apartment with Pool
Featured
11
₦110,000,000

Flat / apartment for rent

Fully Furnished 3 Bedroom Apartment with Pool

🧊*a fully furnished 3 bedroom apartment with pool for sale* 🧊features - ⁠2 car parking space - ⁠fully fitted kitchen - ⁠Spacious living room - ⁠Wardrobe Closet - ⁠Ceiling Bluetooth speakers - ⁠water treatment - ⁠Family lounge - ⁠Spanish porcelain tiles - pop finishing - ⁠stamp concrete floor - All rooms en-suite - Water heaters - ⁠ premium security - clean water - ⁠serene area location:ologolo lekki price: NGN110M V H

Ologolo, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 2 Parking
Henryprime
Fully Furnished 2 Bedroom Apartment
Featured
7
₦7,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Fully Furnished 2 Bedroom Apartment

To

Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds
Effective-Effektifs Homes and Realty
Fully Service 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with BQ
Featured
21
₦25,000,000 /yr

Detached duplex for rent

Fully Service 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with BQ

Now letting off freedom way lekki 4 -bedroom Semi Detached duplex with a study rooms and a room bq in a gated estate with access control and 24 hours electricity Location: Off Freedom Way Rent: ₦25m per annum Service Charge: ₦2m per annum Caution Fee: 10% Agency fee: 10% Legal fee: 10%

Off Freedom Way, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets
Winfort Resources Limited
1 Bedroom Apartment
Featured
12
₦4,000,000 /yr

Mini flat (room and parlour) for rent

1 Bedroom Apartment

1 Bedroom apartment for rent ️️️ location: Ologolo, Lekki Rent: 4m Other charges: Agency 10% Legal 10% Caution 10% Service charge: 500k per annum Total package: 5.7m features : -En-suite rooms -Fully fitted kitchen -Treated water -Spacious bedrooms -Allotted car park -Self serviced -24/7 security Interested in this property? For more enquires/inspections: 07012856907/08072746912 [email protected]

Ologolo, Lekki, Lagos
1 Beds 2 Baths 2 Toilets 2 Parking
Truekey Realty
4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex
Featured
10
₦10,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for rent

4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex

4 Bedroom semi detached duplex for rent ️️️ location: Orchid, Lekki Price: 10m per annum Other charges: Agency 10% Legal 10% Caution 10% Total package: 13m features : -En-suite rooms -Fully fitted kitchen -In-built speakers -Family lounge -Massive master's bedroom -Secured estate -Serviced -24/7 security Interested in this property? For more enquires/inspections: 07012856907/08072746912 [email protected] #explore #explorepage #truekeyrealty #lekkirealtor #lekkilagos

Orchid Road, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 3 Parking
Truekey Realty
Fully Furnished & Serviced 2-Bedroom Maisonette
Featured
13
₦18,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Fully Furnished & Serviced 2-Bedroom Maisonette

Fully Furnished & Serviced 2-Bedroom Maisonette Off Freedom Way, Lekki Phase 1 Rent: ₦18M (Negotiable) Service Charge: ₦2.5M Agency Fee: 10% Legal Fee: 10% Caution Fee: 10% Features & Amenities: - Fully Furnished - Swimming Pool - Gym House - Elevator - All Rooms Ensuite - Fully Equipped Kitchen - Dedicated Parking Space - 24-Hour Power Supply - 24-Hour Security Surveillance - Mobile Security Patrol - Good Road Network - Excellent Drainage System - payg Electricity

Off Freedom Way, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets
Archway Homes and Investment LTD
Fully Service 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ
Featured
19
₦23,000,000 /yr

Terraced duplex for rent

Fully Service 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ

S/direct letting at lekki phase 1 Luxury 4-Bedroom Terrace Duplex with BQ & Swimming Pool & Gym Location: Off Admiralty Way, Lekki Phase 1 Rent: ₦23M per annum Additional Charges: - Legal Fee -- 10% - Agency Fee -- 10% - Caution Fee -- 10% - Service Charge - (TBD) Features Spacious living and dining area All bedrooms ensuite Boys' Quarters (BQ) Fully fitted modern kitchen Premium finishing Ample parking space Serene and easily accessible environment

Off Admiralty Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets 3 Parking
Winfort Resources Limited
3 Bedroom Bungalow
Featured
5
₦13,000,000 /yr

House for rent

3 Bedroom Bungalow

CW09109 3 Bedroom Bungalow in Lekki Phase 1 Lekki Phase 1, Lagos a well-maintained 3-bedroom bungalow located in the heart of Lekki Phase 1, offering spacious living areas, privacy, and the convenience of self-serviced living in a secure residential neighborhood. Ideal for families, professionals, and corporate tenants seeking a comfortable home in a prime location. Rental Details Rent: ₦13,000,000 per annum Additional Charges Agency Fee: 10% Legal Fee: 10% Caution Deposit: 10% Service Type: Self-Serviced Features & Amenities 3 Spacious Bedrooms Spacious Living & Dining Area Self-Serviced Property Ample Parking Space Serene Environment Secure Residential Setting Excellent Road Network Highlights Prime Lekki Phase 1 Location Private Bungalow Living Ideal for Families and Professionals Quiet and Secure Neighborhood Easy Access to Business and Lifestyle Hubs Location: Lekki Phase 1, Lagos a great opportunity to rent a self-serviced bungalow in one of Lekki Phase 1's most sought-after residential locations, offering comfort, privacy, and convenience. For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Jennifer: +234 704 808 9361 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
C W Real Estate
3 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex
Featured
10
₦25,000,000 /yr

Semi-detached duplex for rent

3 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex

CW09108 3 Bedroom semi Detached Duplex in Lekki Phase 1 Lekki Phase 1, Lagos a spacious 3-bedroom semi-detached duplex with 2 Boys' Quarters (BQ) located in the heart of Lekki Phase 1. This self-serviced property offers generous living spaces, privacy, and a prime residential address, making it ideal for families, professionals, and expatriates. Rental Details Rent: ₦25,000,000 per annum Additional Charges Agency Fee: 10% Legal Fee: 10% Caution Deposit: 10% Service Type: Self-Serviced Features & Amenities 3 Spacious En-Suite Bedrooms 2 Boys' Quarters (BQ) Spacious Living & Dining Area Fully Fitted Kitchen Ample Parking Space Self-Serviced Property Secure Residential Environment Excellent Road Network Highlights Prime Lekki Phase 1 Location Ideal for Families, Professionals, and Expatriates Quiet and Secure Neighborhood Spacious Layout Excellent Accessibility to Business and Lifestyle Hubs Location: Lekki Phase 1, Lagos a great opportunity to lease a spacious semi-detached duplex in one of Lekki Phase 1's most desirable residential neighborhoods, offering comfort, privacy, and convenience. For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Jennifer: +234 704 808 9361 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
C W Real Estate
Lovely Vacant 2 Bedroom Apartment
Featured
9
₦12,000,000

Flat / apartment for rent

Lovely Vacant 2 Bedroom Apartment

Vacant apartments for rent lekki phase 1 Rent 2 bedroom - 12m Service charge 2.3m Agency, Legal & Caution 10% each Features Cozy living area All ensuite bedrooms Balcony Fitted kitchen Air conditioners Gym Swimming pool Serene location Fully serviced Ample parking For inspections please call 08090876670 09167713726

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets 2 Parking
Property Expert
Luxury 3-Bedroom Apartment
Featured
11
₦10,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Luxury 3-Bedroom Apartment

- Spacious 3-Bedroom Apartment (Without BQ) Location: Prime Water Gardens, Ikate, Lekki Financial Breakdown: - Annual Rent: ₦10,000,000 - Service Charge: ₦1,200,000 per annum - Agency Fee (10%): ₦1,000,000 - Legal Fee (10%): ₦1,000,000 - Refundable Caution Deposit: ₦800,000 Total Package: ₦14,000,000 Power: Pay as you use Features: 24/7 Security Gated Estate with Access Control Clean and Steady Water Supply Ample Parking Space On-site Facility Management & Maintenance Team Serene Environment Kindly contact us for more details and inspection arrangements. For Inspection & Purchase Enquiries: The Main Properties Ltd 08059120606 08134731529 [email protected] themainproperties.com.ng SG

Prime Water Garden 2, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 2 Parking
The Main Properties LTD
3 Bedroom Apartment
Featured
12
₦15,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

3 Bedroom Apartment

CW09106 3 Bedroom Apartment in Lekki Phase 1 Lekki Phase 1 a well-maintained 3-bedroom apartment offering spacious living areas and a comfortable residential setting. Ideal for families, professionals, and corporate tenants seeking a functional home. Rental Details Rent: ₦15,000,000 per annum Additional Charges Service Charge: ₦2,800,000 Diesel Deposit: ₦1,000,000 Caution Deposit: 10% of Rent Agency Fee: 10% of Rent Legal Fee: 10% of Rent Features & Highlights 3 Spacious Bedrooms Spacious Living & Dining Area Comfortable Residential Environment Secure Neighborhood Ample Parking Space Ideal For Families Professionals Corporate Tenants Expatriates a great opportunity to lease a spacious 3-bedroom apartment offering comfort, convenience, and a well-managed living environment. For more Information, Pricing and Private Viewings Please Contact: Jennifer: +234 704 808 9361 Lilian: 09062511340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cwlagos.com We are Social! Check out other Fantastic Premium Listings on our Social Media Platforms IG: @cwrelagos Twitter: @cwrelagos Facebook: @cwrealestate

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
C W Real Estate
Well Maintained 3 Bedroom Apartment
Featured
13
₦13,000,000

Flat / apartment for rent

Well Maintained 3 Bedroom Apartment

𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗧 Well maintained 3 bedroom flat Location: Ologolo lekki. Price Breakdown - Rent: ₦11m - Agency: 10% - Legal: 10% - Caution fee: 10% - Service charge 115k per month. Features: - Fully Serviced - Fully fitted kitchen - Kitchen island - All Rooms Ensuite - Clean water - Very spacious

Ologolo, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 4 Baths 4 Toilets
Wegsy Property
Fully Serviced 3 Bedrooms Apartments No BQ
Featured
12
₦10,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Fully Serviced 3 Bedrooms Apartments No BQ

3 Bedroom apartment without BQ available for Rent Location: Prime water gardens, ikate Lekki. Payable Amount: Rental Value: N10m Per Annum Agency fee: 10% of rental value Legal fee: 10% of rental value Refundable caution deposit: 800,000 Service Charge: N1,200,000 per annum Power: (Pay as you use) Features: 24/7 power (Pay as you use) 24/7 security, Gated, Serene with access control. Clean and steady water supply Ample Parking Space On-site facility management and maintenance team. For physical inspection please call :09076012944

Prime Water Estate Ikate Lekki, Ikate, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 2 Parking
Real and Reliable Home's Limited
Fully Serviced 3 Bedroom Flat
Featured
13
₦10,000,000 /yr

Flat / apartment for rent

Fully Serviced 3 Bedroom Flat

3 Bedroom apartment without BQ available for Rent Location: Prime water gardens, ikate Lekki. Payable Amount: Rental Value: N10m Per Annum Agency fee: 10% of rental value Legal fee: 10% of rental value Refundable caution deposit: 800,000 Service Charge: N1,200,000 per annum Power: (Pay as you use) Features: 24/7 power (Pay as you use) 24/7 security, Gated, Serene with access control. Clean and steady water supply Ample Parking Space On-site facility management and maintenance team.

Prime Water Gardens, Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 3 Toilets 2 Parking
Hauz Concept
Lovely 1 Bedroom Flat Upstairs with Air-Conditioners, Burners, 2toilets
Featured
5 Video
₦3,500,000

Mini flat (room and parlour) for rent

Lovely 1 Bedroom Flat Upstairs with Air-Conditioners, Burners, 2toilets

For (RENT) Mini flat apartment. Equiped with AC's, DSTV antena / wired, gas cooker, gas cylinder, fitted kitchen, intercom, 2 toilets & 1 bath in an Estate (BERA estate/ Bakare estate) one can exit through bera (Chevron) ~Rent: ₦3.5m ~Service:₦500k per anum ~Caution:-₦350k ~Agency:₦350k ~Legal:₦350k ~Diesel: ₦100k per month generator (150kva) transformer (500Kva)

Chevron Drive Bera Estate, Lekki, Lagos
1 Beds 1 Baths 2 Toilets
Lambe & Eboigbe Properties
Standard Mini Flat
Featured
5
₦2,000,000 /yr

Mini flat (room and parlour) for rent

Standard Mini Flat

Standard mini flat for rent Location: Abijo,Ajah, Lagos. Close to the express. Rent: 2M Caution: 200k Service charge: TBD. e

Abijo, Lekki, Lagos
1 Beds
Cathyhills Edge Limited

Showing 7,141–7,161 of 16,662 properties

Area Guide

About Lekki, Nigeria

Lekki is a city located in the eastern part of Lagos. Lekki is a naturally formed peninsula, adjoining to its west Victoria Island and Ikoyi districts of Lagos, with the Atlantic Ocean to its south, Lagos Lagoon to the north, and Lekki Lagoon to its east; however, the city's southeast which ends at around the western edge of Refuge Island, adjoins the eastern part of Ibeju-Lekki LGA. 

The peninsula is approximately 70 to 80km long, with an average width of 10km. Lekki currently houses several Estates, gated residential developments, agricultural farmlands, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.

Read the full area guide
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

There are 16,662 available flats, houses, land and commercial property for rent in Lekki, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.