Nigeria Property Centre
₦180,000,000

Block of flats for sale

3 Bedroom Flat Available

Three bedroom flat ground floor for sale @enl fha estate Guzape 180m

Enl Fha Estate, Guzape District, Abuja
3 Beds
Hace-Con Nig LTD
₦65,000,000

Block of flats for sale

2 Bedroom Apartment Available

2 bedroom flat for sale Location Dawaki main inside an estate ( tarred road)) Price 65,m Agency 5% The owner allows 2 times payment

Dawaki, Gwarinpa, Abuja
2 Beds
Hace-Con Nig LTD
3 Bedroom Flat with BQ
4
₦250,000,000

Block of flats for sale

3 Bedroom Flat with BQ

3bedroom flat with bq jabi by lakeside ground floor inside instrom estate going for 250million asking but if we see serious buyer we can go for 200million

Jabi, Abuja
3 Beds 4 Toilets
Ep Real Estate Abuja
Pre-Finished 3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ
1
₦210,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Pre-Finished 3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ

For sale pre-finished 3 bedroom apartment with BQ in wuye main, abuja Secure a premium property in one of Abuja's most prestigious and high-demand districts. This pre-finished 3-bedroom apartment with a Boys' Quarters (BQ) is located within a serene mini estate in Wuye Main, offering an excellent opportunity for homeowners and investors alike. Designed with spacious interiors and quality construction, this property is perfect for luxury living or generating strong rental returns in a prime location. Location: Wuye Main, Abuja price: ₦210,000,000 Facilitation fee: 5% Property Features: 3 Spacious En-Suite Bedrooms Boys' Quarters (BQ) Pre-Finished Unit Spacious Living & Dining Area Modern Kitchen Space Guest Toilet Spacious Balcony Ample Parking Space Well-Planned Layout Quality Construction Bright & Well-Ventilated Interiors ⸻ Estate Features: Serene Mini Estate Secure Environment Fully Tarred Road Access Gated Community Peaceful Neighborhood Excellent Infrastructure ⸻ location advantages: Prime Wuye Main Address Easy Access to: Wuse Jabi Maitama Central Business District Garki Close to: Shopping Malls Schools Hospitals Banks Restaurants * Business Hubs ⸻ Why This Property? Prime Wuye Main Location Excellent Rental Yield Strong Capital Appreciation Ideal for Homeowners & Investors Spacious & Functional Layout High-Demand Residential District ⸻ Videos available on request for serious and qualified buyers only. Call/WhatsApp now to request videos, schedule an inspection, and secure this exceptional property. Premium apartments in Wuye Main are highly sought after and rarely remain available for long. Strictly for serious, verified, and financially capable buyers only. #WuyeMain #WuyeAbuja #ApartmentForSaleAbuja #PropertyForSaleAbuja #AbujaRealEstate #3BedroomApartment #BQApartment #LuxuryHomesAbuja #AbujaProperties #HouseForSaleAbuja #RealEstateNigeria #BuyPropertyAbuja #InvestmentPropertyAbuja #PrimePropertyAbuja #LuxuryLivingAbuja #NigeriaRealEstate #AbujaInvestment #HomeForSaleAbuja #PremiumProperty #WuyeProperty

Wuye, Abuja
3 Beds 3 Baths 3 Toilets
Derealtor Hub
Spacious 3 Bedroom Apartment Ground Floor
1
₦140,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Spacious 3 Bedroom Apartment Ground Floor

For sale spacious 3bedroom apartment in jahi, abuja Own a beautifully designed 3-bedroom apartment in the highly sought-after Jahi District, Abuja. Situated on the ground floor, this property offers convenience, comfort, and excellent investment potential in one of Abuja's fastest-growing residential neighborhoods. Whether you're looking for your dream home or a high-yield investment property, this apartment presents outstanding value in a prime location with strong rental demand. Location: Jahi, Abuja floor: Ground Floor price: ₦140,000,000 Agency fee: 5% Property Features: Spacious 3 Bedrooms Ground Floor Convenience Spacious Living Room Dining Area Modern Kitchen En-Suite Bedrooms Guest Toilet Quality Finishing Spacious Balcony Ample Parking Space Well-Ventilated Interiors Secure & Serene Environment ⸻ location advantages: Prime Jahi Location Easy Access to: Wuye Jabi Mabushi Katampe Wuse Central Business District Close to: Schools Hospitals Shopping Malls Banks Restaurants Recreation Centres Excellent Road Network ⸻ Why This Property? Prime Residential Location Excellent Rental Income Potential Strong Capital Appreciation Ideal for Homeowners & Investors High-Demand Neighborhood Great Value for Money ⸻ Video available on request for serious and qualified buyers only Call/WhatsApp Now to Request Video, Schedule Inspection & Secure This Property Well-priced apartments in Jahi are in high demand and don't stay on the market for long. Strictly for serious, verified, and financially capable buyers only. #JahiAbuja #ApartmentForSaleAbuja #JahiProperty #AbujaRealEstate #PropertyForSaleAbuja #3BedroomApartment #HouseForSaleAbuja #AbujaHomes #RealEstateNigeria #AbujaInvestment #BuyPropertyAbuja #PrimePropertyAbuja #InvestmentPropertyAbuja #LuxuryLivingAbuja #NigeriaRealEstate #HomeForSaleAbuja #AbujaPropertyMarket #PropertyInvestment #AbujaLuxuryHomes #JahiHomes

Jahi, Abuja
3 Beds 3 Baths 3 Toilets
Derealtor Hub
3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ in Lifecamp Abuja Prime Location
4
₦110,000,000

Block of flats for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment with BQ in Lifecamp Abuja Prime Location

Good deal alert 3 bedroom apartment with BQ for sale in lifecamp, abuja a fantastic opportunity to own a well-located 3-bedroom apartment with Boys' Quarters (BQ) in the heart of Lifecamp, Abuja. Strategically positioned by the Lifecamp Junction with fully tarred road access, this property offers convenience, accessibility, and strong investment potential in one of Abuja's most sought-after residential districts. Perfect for homeowners, investors, and buyers seeking a property with excellent rental and resale value. ⸻ Location: Lifecamp, Abuja By Lifecamp Junction ⸻ floor: 3rd Floor ⸻ price: ₦110,000,000 Agency fee: 5% ⸻ Property Features: 3 Spacious Bedrooms Boys' Quarters (BQ) Spacious Living Room Dining Area Functional Kitchen Guest Toilet Well-Ventilated Rooms Spacious Balcony Ample Parking Space Secure Residential Environment Fully Tarred Road Access ⸻ location advantages: Prime Lifecamp Location Easy Access to: Jabi Gwarinpa Kado Wuse Central Area Close to: Berger Clinic Schools Hospitals Shopping Malls Restaurants * Business Districts ⸻ Why This Property? Prime Lifecamp Address Strong Rental Demand Excellent Capital Appreciation Great for Family Living Ideal Investment Property Competitive Pricing for the Location ⸻ ️ note: Furniture is not included in the sale. ⸻ Video available on request for serious and qualified buyers only Call/WhatsApp Now to Request Video, Schedule Inspection & Secure This Property Well-priced apartments in Lifecamp with BQ rarely stay on the market for long. Strictly for serious, verified, and financially capable buyers only. #LifecampAbuja #ApartmentForSaleAbuja #BQProperty #3BedroomApartment #AbujaRealEstate #PropertyForSaleAbuja #LifecampProperty #AbujaHomes #RealEstateNigeria #HouseForSaleAbuja #AbujaInvestment #BuyPropertyAbuja #AbujaProperties #InvestmentPropertyAbuja #PrimePropertyAbuja #NigeriaRealEstate #FamilyHomeAbuja #LuxuryLivingAbuja #AbujaPropertyMarket #GoodDealAbuja

Life Camp Junction Abuja, Tarred Road, Life Camp, Abuja
3 Beds 3 Baths 3 Toilets
Derealtor Hub
Tastefully Renovated 3 Bedroom Apartment
2
₦120,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Tastefully Renovated 3 Bedroom Apartment

For sale tastefully renovated 3 bedroom apartment in dakibiyu, abuja a fantastic opportunity to own a beautifully renovated 3-bedroom apartment in the highly strategic Dakibiyu District, located just by Wuye and behind Shafa Filling Station. Perfect for homeowners, working professionals, and investors seeking a property in a secure, fast-appreciating area with excellent rental demand and easy access to key parts of Abuja. ⸻ Location: Dakibiyu, Abuja Landmark: Behind Shafa Filling Station, By Wuye ⸻ position: Ground Floor Apartment Located in a well-maintained block of 8 flats. ⸻ Price: ₦120,000,000 Net ⸻ Property Features: Tastefully Renovated Interior Spacious 3 Bedrooms Large Living Room Dining Area Modern Kitchen Well-Finished Bathrooms Spacious Bedrooms Excellent Ventilation Ground Floor Convenience Ample Parking Space Secure Residential Environment ⸻ location advantages: Prime Dakibiyu/Wuye Axis Easy Access to: Wuye Jabi Utako Life Camp Central Area Close to: Schools Hospitals Shopping Malls Restaurants Business Districts Excellent Road Network ⸻ Why This Property? Fully Renovated and Move-In Ready Prime Abuja Location Excellent Rental Yield Potential Strong Capital Appreciation Ideal for Families and Investors Affordable Entry into a High-Demand Area ⸻ Video available on request for serious and qualified buyers only Call/WhatsApp Now to Request Video, Schedule Inspection & Secure This Property Properties in the Dakibiyu/Wuye corridor continue to attract strong buyer and tenant demand. Strictly for serious, verified, and financially capable buyers only. #DakibiyuAbuja #WuyeAbuja #ApartmentForSaleAbuja #3BedroomApartment #AbujaRealEstate #PropertyForSaleAbuja #AbujaHomes #RealEstateNigeria #HouseForSaleAbuja #AbujaInvestment #WuyeProperty #DakibiyuProperty #BuyPropertyAbuja #AbujaProperties #InvestmentPropertyAbuja #PrimePropertyAbuja #NigeriaRealEstate #HomeOwnershipNigeria #AbujaPropertyMarket #LuxuryLivingAbuja

Dakibiyu, Abuja
3 Beds 3 Baths 3 Toilets
Derealtor Hub
Investment Property
1
₦750,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Investment Property

A rare opportunity to acquire a fully developed block of residential apartments in one of Abuja's strongest rental demand corridors. Located in Kado, off jamb Zonal Office beside Kado Fish Market, this asset delivers immediate rental potential with strong long-term upside. Property Details - Total Units: 12 Apartments Unit Mix: - 6 × 3 Bedroom Apartments (All Ensuite) - 3 × 2 Bedroom Apartments (All Ensuite) - 3 × 1 Bedroom Apartments (All Ensuite) WHY this property makes sense This is a ready-income asset in a location where rental demand remains consistently high. It offers flexibility for investors looking at: - Stable rental income from multiple tenants - Short-let / serviced apartment conversion - Long-term capital appreciation in a growing corridor - Portfolio diversification in Abuja real estate location advantage Situated in a well-developed residential and commercial mix zone with strong access roads and proximity to key amenities and markets. Inspection: Strictly by appointment for serious and qualified investors only. WhatsApp us on: +2349139200887 [email protected] www.homegate.ng

Off Jamb Zonal Office Beside Kado Fish Market, Kado, Abuja
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
Homegate Properties Limited
2 Bedroom Apartment in Games Village, Kaura Abuja
2
₦75,000,000

Block of flats for sale

2 Bedroom Apartment in Games Village, Kaura Abuja

For sale beautifully finished 2 bedroom apartment in games village, kaura abuja Own this well-maintained 2-bedroom apartment located within a serene and secure mini estate in Games Village, Kaura, Abuja. Strategically positioned close to Brick Hall School, this property offers a perfect blend of comfort, accessibility, and investment value, making it ideal for homeowners, working professionals, and investors seeking strong rental returns. ⸻ Location: Games Village, Kaura, Abuja Landmark: Close to Brick Hall School ⸻ floor: Second Floor ⸻ price: ₦75,000,000 Net ⸻ Property Features: Spacious 2 Bedrooms Bright and Airy Living Room Dining Area Functional Kitchen Spacious Balcony Quality Finishing Well-Ventilated Rooms Dedicated Parking Space Secure Residential Environment ⸻ Estate Features: Mini Estate Setting Gated and Secure Environment Peaceful Neighborhood Good Road Network Family-Friendly Community Excellent Accessibility ⸻ location advantages: Prime Games Village Location Easy Access to: Kaura District Gudu Apo Area 1 Central Business District Close to: Brick Hall School Shopping Centers Hospitals Banks Restaurants High Rental Demand Area ⸻ Why This Property? Excellent location within Games Village Affordable investment opportunity Strong rental income potential Great for first-time homeowners Secure and serene environment High appreciation potential ⸻ Video available on request for serious enquiries only Call/WhatsApp Now for Inspection & Acquisition Strictly for serious, verified, and ready buyers only. #GamesVillageAbuja #KauraAbuja #ApartmentForSaleAbuja #AbujaRealEstate #PropertyForSaleAbuja #AbujaHomes #KauraProperty #RealEstateNigeria #AbujaInvestment #2BedroomApartment #HouseForSaleAbuja #AbujaProperties #BuyPropertyAbuja #AffordablePropertyAbuja #NigeriaRealEstate #InvestmentPropertyAbuja #BrickHallSchool #AbujaPropertyMarket #PrimePropertyAbuja #HomeOwnershipNigeri

Games Village, Kaura Abuja, Kaura, Abuja
2 Beds 2 Baths
Derealtor Hub
18 Units of 3 Bedroom Flat with BQ
3
₦1,400,000,000

Block of flats for sale

18 Units of 3 Bedroom Flat with BQ

For sale Mabushi Mini Estate 18 Units of 3 bedroom flat with bq ,after vio.. C of o and R of o available Pls note property is presently occupied,tenants would be settled to leave once it's sold Price:1.4b ,slightly negotiable

Mabushi, Abuja
3 Beds
Tochez Properties
Distress 6 Units of 2 Bedroom Fully Tenanted Income Property
5
₦280,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Distress 6 Units of 2 Bedroom Fully Tenanted Income Property

Direct brief: Distress sale owner need money --- Fully Tenanted Income Property (Arab Road, Kubwa) 6 units of spacious 2-bedroom apartments, each with: 3 Toilets 2 Bathrooms Modern Tree-Top Shower Guest Toilet 1 Self-Contain Security Gatehouse Existing Tenants (Immediate income) Very secure environment Price: ₦300M (Negotiable) Now: ₦280M Net Why investors love this deal: High rental demand on Arab Road Units already generating cashflow Projected rental increase. Strong capital appreciation in Kubwa Perfect for passive investors, airbnb, hotel apartment, shortlet Potential Yield: 3.3% -- 4.9% (Can increase to 6--8% For inspection, contact Winners Properties: 0803 839 0534 or 0805 211 2117. #AbujaRealEstate #Kubwa #ArabRoad #IncomeProperty #RealEstateInvestmentNigeria #WinnersProperties

Belview Arab Road, Kubwa, Abuja
2 Beds 2 Baths 3 Toilets
Winner's Property (Subsidiary of Zukada Investment Nig. LTD.)
Video
₦110,000,000

Block of flats for sale

3 Bedroom Spacious Luxury Apartment

Super luxury, and spacious 3bedrooms apartments, 2 exists is in a very strategic estate. Location: at karimo district very close to julius berger senior staff qtrs karimo. Title: global fcda cofo Price: n110million naira I know the house on ground

Karimo, Jabi, Abuja
3 Beds 3 Baths 3 Toilets
Teefash Consulting Services Limited
3 Bedroom Apartment Newly Built
4 Video
₦170,000,000

Block of flats for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment Newly Built

Newly Built 3 Bedroom Apartment with premium quality finishing, designed to a standard taste and located on a tarred road just beside Unique Estate, Katampe by Jahi, Abuja. This property offers an excellent investment opportunity whether for personal residence or rental income, depending on your preference. It comes with an fcda CofO title, guaranteeing secure ownership. Available Options: Ground Floor Fully Finished --- ₦170M First Floor Fully Finished --- ₦200M The property combines accessibility, comfort, and long-term investment value in one of Abuja's fast-developing and strategic locations. Book an inspection today to truly appreciate the value and quality of this property.

Beside Unique Estate Katampe by Jahi, Katampe, Abuja
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 2 Parking
Luminous Properties
1 Bedroom Room
1
₦65,000,000

Block of flats for sale

1 Bedroom Room

Life Camp is one of the fastest-developing neighborhoods in Abuja, offering excellent value for both residential living and real estate investment. Owning a property in this location is a smart decision, whether for personal use or rental income purposes. Secure your unit in our upcoming 1-Bedroom Apartment development located in this prime area, with a flexible 12-month payment plan designed for your convenience. Initial Deposit: Just 30% Flexible Payment Plan: Up to 12 Months Ideal for Personal Home & Investment Take advantage of this opportunity to own a property in one of Abuja's most promising locations. Book your spot in the estate today!

Stella Maris School Axis, Life Camp, Abuja
1 Beds 1 Baths 2 Toilets 1 Parking
Luminous Properties
4 Bedroom Apartment
1
₦650,000,000

Block of flats for sale

4 Bedroom Apartment

️ Malibu Hills, Asokoro -- where luxury meets exclusivity ️ 85 private residences, Abuja's most prestigious address Own a home in Abuja's crown jewel --- designed for global investors, top execs & visionaries who value sophistication, serenity & status. Developed by kodai construction (dubai qatar nigeria) Features world-class lifestyle amenities: Swimming pool (adults/kids) Spa & salon, cinema, restaurant Indoor & outdoor gym Tennis & basketball court Concierge 24/7 security Kids' playground crèche Green areas, private lifts This isn't just real estate. It's Malibu Hills -- where prestige lives.

Asokoro District, Abuja
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 Toilets
Rems
Furnished 2 Bedrooms Apartment
7
₦170,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Furnished 2 Bedrooms Apartment

For sale Furnished 2 bedrooms apartment (upstairs) 24/ 7 light and water Armed Security katampe main, nicon junction (inside a mini estate fully tarred road) 180M asking Agency 5% More Videos on request #Alh sad #Xcess~Global Ltd

Living Faith Junction, Katampe (Main), Katampe, Abuja
2 Beds 3 Baths 3 Toilets 10 Parking
Xcess Global LTD
Newly Built and Spacious 3 Bedroom Apartment with Fcda Cofo
9
₦30,500,000

Block of flats for sale

Newly Built and Spacious 3 Bedroom Apartment with Fcda Cofo

The property is on a tarred road and a secure estate with central borehole. Buyer will fix,: Ceiling Tiles and other finishes touches. This property is in a secured location on a tarred road. Broker's Fees: 7%

Nis Estate, Kyami, Abuja
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 2 Parking
Sell Fast Groups Limited
3 Bedroom Apartment, Secure Estate Living
3
₦65,000,000

Block of flats for sale

3 Bedroom Apartment, Secure Estate Living

For sale spacious 3 bedroom apartment in a secure estate at apo dutse, abuja a fantastic opportunity to own a well-positioned 3-bedroom apartment on the first floor within a secure and serene estate in the highly sought-after Apo Dutse District, Abuja. Ideal for homeowners and investors looking for affordability, comfort, security, and strong rental potential in one of Abuja's rapidly developing residential locations. ⸻ Location: Apo Dutse, Abuja ⸻ position: First Floor ⸻ price: ₦65,000,000 ⸻ Facilitation fee: 5% ⸻ Property Features: Spacious 3-Bedroom Apartment First Floor Unit Spacious Living Room Dining Area Well-Proportioned Bedrooms Functional Kitchen Guest Toilet Balcony Quality Finishing Ample Parking Space Good Natural Lighting & Ventilation ⸻ Estate Features: Gated and Secure Estate Peaceful Residential Environment Good Road Network Well-Maintained Surroundings Family-Friendly Neighborhood Excellent Accessibility ⸻ location advantages: Prime Apo Dutse Location Easy Access to: Apo Resettlement Lokogoma Gudu Area 1 Central Business District Close to: Schools Hospitals Shopping Centers Places of Worship High Rental Demand Area ⸻ Why This Property? Excellent value for money Ideal for family living Strong rental income potential Secure estate environment Growing investment corridor * Affordable entry into Abuja real estate ⸻ Video available on request for serious enquiries only Call/WhatsApp Now for Inspection & Acquisition Strictly for serious and verified buyers only. ⸻ #ApoDutseAbuja #ApoAbuja #AbujaRealEstate #ApartmentForSaleAbuja #PropertyForSaleAbuja #AbujaHomes #RealEstateNigeria #ApoProperty #AbujaInvestment #SecureEstateLiving #AffordablePropertyAbuja #HouseForSaleAbuja #AbujaPropertyMarket #HomeOwnershipNigeria #BuyPropertyAbuja #NigeriaRealEstate #ResidentialPropertyAbuja #AbujaProperties #InvestmentPropertyNigeria #FirstFloorApartment

Apo Dutse, Apo, Abuja
3 Beds 3 Baths
Derealtor Hub
Affordable Luxury Shell Homes
1
₦40,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Affordable Luxury Shell Homes

Nova City Estate is a thriving residential community located in Apo Tafyi, Abuja, designed for families and investors who value comfort, security, and modern living. Situated close to the African Medical Centre for Excellence, Apo Mechanic Village, and the newly commissioned ossex Road, Nova City offers a strategic address with long-term investment value in one of Abuja's most promising residential corridors. The estate is built around a lifestyle of wellness and convenience, with world-class facilities that include: - 24/7 CCTV surveillance and security patrols - Fully equipped gym - Sports arena and recreational park - Farmers' market Title: Right of Occupancy. Available Shell Homes and Prices Choose from a variety of beautifully designed shell homes built to your taste and budget: 2-Bedroom Shell Apartment -- ₦40M ️ a convenient payment plan is available for all units. Start with a 30% initial deposit and spread the balance across up to 24 months, making it easier than ever to own a luxury home in Abuja. Call or WhatsApp Hanifar Dynamic Co. Ltd (+2348131578586) to purchase, for further enquiries, or to schedule a property inspection. More Properties at www.mynaijaproperties.com

Nova City Estate, Apo, Abuja
2 Beds
3a Integrated Services Venture
Luxury, Semi-Finished 3 Bedroom Apartments. (3D)
3
₦65,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Luxury, Semi-Finished 3 Bedroom Apartments. (3D)

We have luxury 3-bedroom apartments available for sale at The Glade Estate, a modern residential community nestled behind Brains & Hammers City. Two unit types are available: 3-Bedroom Semi-Finished Apartment (Ready Unit): ₦65,000,000 Both options feature spacious living areas, premium finishing, and elegant architecture in one of Abuja's most sought-after addresses. The estate is strategically located with excellent access to key city landmarks: - 30 minutes to the Central Business District - 20 minutes to the Train Station - 18 minutes to Shoprite Mall, Jabi - 11 minutes to Nizamiye Hospital - 45 minutes to Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport Residents enjoy a full range of world-class estate facilities, including: - 24-hour power supply and street lighting - Treated and constant water supply - CCTV surveillance and perimeter fencing with gatehouse - Concierge and facility management services - Recreational areas, gym, and green open spaces - Estate shopping mall and visitors' park - Fire hydrants, good drainage system, and waste management - Pedestrian walkways This is an excellent opportunity for both homeowners and investors looking to benefit from Abuja's rapid expansion and high property demand. Call or WhatsApp Hanifar Dynamic Co. Ltd (+2348131578586) to purchase, for further enquiries, or to schedule a property inspection. More Properties at www.mynaijaproperties.com

The Glade Estate / Idu-Sabo, Idu Industrial, Abuja
3a Integrated Services Venture

Showing 121–140 of 194 properties

Area Guide

About Abuja, Nigeria

Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria. It is located in the centre of Nigeria, within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Abuja is a planned city, and was built mainly in the 1980s. It officially became Nigeria's capital on 12 December 1991, replacing Lagos, which is still the country's most populous city. At the 2006 census, the city of Abuja had a population of 776,298, making it one of the top ten most populous cities in Nigeria. The unofficial metropolitan area of Abuja is well over three million, which would make it the fourth largest urban area in Nigeria only surpassed by LagosKano and Ibadan.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

There are 194 available block of flats in Estates, Abuja. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.