Nigeria Property Centre

Property for Sale in Nigeria

There are 97,619 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for sale across Nigeria as of 15 Aug 2026, with an average price of ₦330M. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

Property type
Flats Houses Commercial property Land
Browse by state
Abia Abuja Adamawa Akwa Ibom Anambra Bauchi Bayelsa Benue Borno Cross River Delta Ebonyi Edo Ekiti Enugu Gombe Imo Jigawa Kaduna Kano Katsina Kebbi Kogi Kwara Lagos Nasarawa Niger Ogun Ondo Osun Oyo Plateau Rivers Sokoto Taraba Yobe Zamfara
Features
Furnished Unfurnished

19,801–19,821 of 97,619 properties for sale

Premium Plus Top promoted listing
3 Bedroom Duplex in Luxury Estate
Verified Photos
8 photos Video
₦140,560,000

Terraced duplex for sale

3 Bedroom Duplex in Luxury Estate

Own a home in our fully Solar powered estate designed for comfort, value, and long-term growth Behind LBS, Sangotedo Buy now at a discounted offer of N140,560,000, instead of current market price

DKK Bus Stop, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets 3 Parking

Love Paradise Realtors

Verified Agent

Contact agent
Vacant 9 Bedroom Detached House with Massive Pent-House and 3 Rooms BQ — Off Awolowo Way, Allen, Ikeja, Lagos
Premium
3
₦850,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Vacant 9 Bedroom Detached House with Massive Pent-House and 3 Rooms BQ

Detached house for sale: Vacant and available for immediate possession in ikeja, lagos, Nigeria Description: Vacant 9 bedrooms detached house with massive pent-house and three rooms service quarters sitting on a fenced (corner-piece) plot of land with 2nos double leave steel access gates. Location: Situated in a serene, very secured street with 24-hours security, off Obafemi Awolowo Way, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Plot size: 616.066 square metres. Suitability: Property is appropriate for use as: - Residential accommodation. - Corporate Office for Blue Chip Companies. - Corporate Guest House. - Hotel. - Hospital. - Professional Institute. - Government Guest House. - Embassy office. - Multi-national organisation office. - Political parties office. - etc. Vendor's offer: Outright disposal by sale. Possession: Immediate; upon payment of purchase price. Title document: Certificate of occupancy (clean). Asking price: N850m. (Eight Hundred and Fifty Million Naira) only. Viewing: On appointment with a ready buyer only.

Off Awolowo Way, Allen, Ikeja, Lagos
9 beds 10 baths 10 toilets 10 Parking
Valiant Horizon Realty Limited
A Classy & Brand New 2 Bedroom Penthouse in a Secure Estate. — By Pinnock Beach Road, Dr Kennedy Okonkwo Street, Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
1
₦190,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

A Classy & Brand New 2 Bedroom Penthouse in a Secure Estate.

Priced for quick sales a classy & brand new 2bedroom penthouse in a secure estate. Features: - All rooms en-suite - Fully Fitted open kitchen - Kitchen island + stools - Airconditioners - Multimedia + inbuilt speakers - Well ventilated and lit... Location: Creek Lane estate, by Pinnock beach road, Ajiran . Title: Governor's consent Price: *₦190m O.N.O*supreme

By Pinnock Beach Road, Dr Kennedy Okonkwo Street, Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 3 baths 3 toilets 2 Parking
Valiant Horizon Realty Limited
Buy and Build Land in a Functional Residential Area. — With Instant Allocation, VGC, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
8
₦390,000,000

Residential land for sale

Buy and Build Land in a Functional Residential Area.

Own a statement address at victoria garth castle Now selling premium plots within one of Lekki's most exclusive Residential enclaves set in the heart of VGC Main, Lekki. This is not just land,it's a strategic acquisition in a location defined by prestige, security and enduring value. Victoria Garth Castle is intentionally designed for discerning buyers who understand the power of location, privacy and long-term capital growth. Sizes and Prices: -N390m/ 600sqm - ₦650,000 per sqm Flexible Payment Plan: - 0--2 months: ₦390M - 3--4 months: ₦397M - 4--6 months: ₦400M Initial Deposit: - ₦60M Estate Highlights: - 24/7 Professional Security - CCTV Surveillance System - Fully Paved Road Network - Modern Drainage Infrastructure - Ample Parking Provision - Calm, Secure & premium environment This is a rare opportunity to secure land in a legacy-grade environment,positioned for both lifestyle excellence and strong appreciation. Limited availability,early acquisition here is strategic. For enquiries & private consultation contact us directly on 08158823204 .

With Instant Allocation, VGC, Lekki, Lagos
Daras Homes and Properties
850SQM Plot of Land with C of O — Alagbaka GRA, Akure, Ondo State, Akure, Ondo
Premium
4
₦85,000,000

Land for sale

850SQM Plot of Land with C of O

850sqm plot of land for sale at Alagbaka GRA, Akure, Ondo State. Title: C of O. Price: N85m WHY alagbaka GRA? Alagbaka GRA is the most beautiful and expensive area in Akure, Ondo State. It is where the Government House and State House of Assembly are located. Central Bank of Nigeria, Bank of Industry, nexim and all bank are in Alagbaka. It is in the heart of Akure. Most offices of the big companies are in Alagbaka. Alagbaka has good roads network. Note: Akure is the capital city of Ondo State. GRA section of Alagbaka (Alagbaka GRA) has a lot of beautiful residential houses. Most High networths individuals from Ondo State have houses at Alagbaka GRA. It is a very secure area. Alagbaka has good and regular electricity supply. Some of the best hotels in Akure are situated in Alagbaka GRA People from other states are also investing in properties in Alagbaka GRA because of it return on investment. Alagbaka GRA is a premium area.

Alagbaka GRA, Akure, Ondo State, Akure, Ondo
850 sqm
Valiant Horizon Realty Limited
540SQM Plot of Land — Alagbaka GRA, Akure, Ondo
Premium
4
₦55,000,000

Land for sale

540SQM Plot of Land

Available for sale: 540sqm plot of land at Alagbaka GRA, Akure, Ondo State. Title: C of O. Price: N55m WHY alagbaka GRA? Alagbaka GRA is the most beautiful and expensive area in Akure, Ondo State. It is where the Government House and State House of Assembly are located. Central Bank of Nigeria, Bank of Industry, nexim and all bank are in Alagbaka. It is in the heart of Akure. Most offices of the big companies are in Alagbaka. Alagbaka has good roads network. Note: Akure is the capital city of Ondo State. GRA section of Alagbaka (Alagbaka GRA) has a lot of beautiful residential houses. Most High networths individuals from Ondo State have houses at Alagbaka GRA. It is a very secure area. Alagbaka has good and regular electricity supply. Some of the best hotels in Akure are situated in Alagbaka GRA. People from other states are also investing in properties in Alagbaka GRA because of it return on investment. Alagbaka GRA is a premium area.

Alagbaka GRA, Akure, Ondo
540 sqm
Valiant Horizon Realty Limited
Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex + BQ, Pool, Cinema Room — Ajah, Lagos
Premium
18
₦650,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex + BQ, Pool, Cinema Room

Luxury 5bedroom fully detached duplex for sale. Amenities: - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing - [ ] Wardrobes - [ ] Luxury Finishing - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor - ⁠[ ] Bq - [ ] Swimming Pool - [ ] Cinema Room Location : ajah lagos Price: 650M asking For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected] We currently have premium homes available for sale across some of Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki Phase 1, Ikate, Salem, Ologolo, Jakande, Osapa London, Agungi, New Road, Chevron, Eleganza, Orchid, Ikota, VGC and Ajah's most sought-after locations, including: Ajah (Mobil Road, Addo Road, Lekki Palm City Estate, Badore, Royal Gardens Estate, Thomas Estate, Abraham Adesanya, Ogombo, Lekki Peninsula Scheme 2, Lekki Gardens Phase 2, General Paint, Happyland Estate, Sangotedo, Lagos Business School axis, Novare Shoprite, Skymall)

Ajah, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 4 Parking
Idealplace_properties
Premium
₦4,860,000,000

Mixed-use land for sale

1350SQM Bare Land

well situated 1350sqm of land in a nice and suitable neighborhood in Ikoyi, available. It is suitable for any kind of property development, either blocks flats or duplexes. It is selling @3.6m net per square meter.. Price ....4.86B Title...State.. This is for serious client only please ....

Lugard Avenue, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
1350 sqm
Pearlaanconsult & Realties
Elegant 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with a Room BQ — Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
Premium
12
₦175,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Elegant 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex with a Room BQ

4bedroom semi detached duplex for sale Amenities: - [ ] Fitted Kitchen with accessories - [ ] Modern Day pop Ceiling - [ ] Detailed finishing - [ ] Wardrobes - [ ] Water heater - [ ] Heat extractor - ⁠[ ] Jacuzzi - [ ] BQ Location: Ikota lekki lagos Price: 175M For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected] We currently have premium homes available for sale across some of Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki Phase 1, Ikate, Salem, Ologolo, Jakande, Osapa London, Agungi, New Road, Chevron, Eleganza, Orchid, Ikota, VGC and Ajah's most sought-after locations, including: Ajah (Mobil Road, Addo Road, Lekki Palm City Estate, Badore, Royal Gardens Estate, Thomas Estate, Abraham Adesanya, Ogombo, Lekki Peninsula Scheme 2, Lekki Gardens Phase 2, General Paint, Happyland Estate, Sangotedo, Lagos Business School axis, Novare Shoprite, Skymall)

Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 2 Parking
Idealplace_properties
Brand New 4 Bedroom Family Home in a Very Serene & Secured Estate — Blenco Axis, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
Premium
11
₦170,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Brand New 4 Bedroom Family Home in a Very Serene & Secured Estate

Brand New 4 Bedroom Family Home in a Very Serene & Secured Estate ( Perfect environment for raising your kids ) Asking price: ₦170m Document: CofO and Building Approval. Feature includes: - All Rooms Ensuite - Stamped Concrete Floor - 5 cars park - Water Heater - Water Treatment - Call to Access estate - Service Estate Schedule a Viewing / Enquiries: Contact @adoniarealty WhatsApp or Call ️ +2349014789071 [email protected]

Blenco Axis, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 4 Parking
Adoniarealty
Spacious 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with Pool, Gym, Playground — Abraham Adesanya, Ajah, Lagos
Premium
20
₦175,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Spacious 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with Pool, Gym, Playground

For sale ajah abraham adesanya axis lagos N175millionNET 4bed 4bath 2cars spacious terrace duplex with luxury living features, swimming pool, GYM, children playground, stamped compound floor Features Brand new Gated Estate Spacious living area All rooms ensuit Inbuilt Pop Sound systems Beautiful woodworks Gorgeous lightings Great ambiance Fully Fitted kitchen Beautiful chandeliers Clean water Luxury Astonishing sanitary wears Ample car parking space Water Heaters Fantastic Neighborhood title: Consent/ building approval For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected] We currently have premium homes available for sale across some of Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki Phase 1, Ikate, Salem, Ologolo, Jakande, Osapa London, Agungi, New Road, Chevron, Eleganza, Orchid, Ikota, VGC and Ajah's most sought-after locations, including: Ajah (Mobil Road, Addo Road, Lekki Palm City Estate, Badore, Royal Gardens Estate, Thomas Estate, Abraham Adesanya, Ogombo, Lekki Peninsula Scheme 2, Lekki Gardens Phase 2, General Paint, Happyland Estate, Sangotedo, Lagos Business School axis, Novare Shoprite, Skymall)

Abraham Adesanya, Ajah, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 2 Parking
Idealplace_properties
! Unit Left of a Lovely 2 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with a Room BQ — Abraham Adesanya, Ajah, Lagos
Premium
13
₦100,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

! Unit Left of a Lovely 2 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with a Room BQ

For sale ajah abraham adesanya axis lagos N100million (One Unit Left) 2bed 2bath 2cars terrace duplex luxury living features, stamped compound floor and a room BQ Features Brand new Gated Estate Spacious living area All rooms ensuit Inbuilt Pop Sound systems Beautiful woodworks Gorgeous lightings Great ambiance Fully Fitted kitchen Beautiful chandeliers Clean water Luxury Astonishing sanitary wears Ample car parking space Water Heaters Fantastic Neighborhood title: Consent/ building approval For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected] We currently have premium homes available for sale across some of Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki Phase 1, Ikate, Salem, Ologolo, Jakande, Osapa London, Agungi, New Road, Chevron, Eleganza, Orchid, Ikota, VGC and Ajah's most sought-after locations, including: Ajah (Mobil Road, Addo Road, Lekki Palm City Estate, Badore, Royal Gardens Estate, Thomas Estate, Abraham Adesanya, Ogombo, Lekki Peninsula Scheme 2, Lekki Gardens Phase 2, General Paint, Happyland Estate, Sangotedo, Lagos Business School axis, Novare Shoprite, Skymall)

Abraham Adesanya, Ajah, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 3 toilets 2 Parking
Idealplace_properties
Lovely 3 Bedroom Terrace Duplex in a Secured Estate — Abraham Adesanya, Ajah, Lagos
Premium
15
₦135,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Lovely 3 Bedroom Terrace Duplex in a Secured Estate

For sale ajah abraham adesanya axis lagos N135millionNET 3bed 3bath 2cars terrace duplex luxury living features, stamped compound floor Features Brand new Gated Estate Spacious living area All rooms ensuit Inbuilt Pop Sound systems Beautiful woodworks Gorgeous lightings Great ambiance Fully Fitted kitchen Beautiful chandeliers Clean water Luxury Astonishing sanitary wears Ample car parking space Water Heaters Fantastic Neighborhood title: Consent/ building approval We currently have premium homes available for sale across some of Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki Phase 1, Ikate, Salem, Ologolo, Jakande, Osapa London, Agungi, New Road, Chevron, Eleganza, Orchid, Ikota, VGC and Ajah's most sought-after locations, including: Ajah (Mobil Road, Addo Road, Lekki Palm City Estate, Badore, Royal Gardens Estate, Thomas Estate, Abraham Adesanya, Ogombo, Lekki Peninsula Scheme 2, Lekki Gardens Phase 2, General Paint, Happyland Estate, Sangotedo, Lagos Business School axis, Novare Shoprite, Skymall)

Abraham Adesanya, Ajah, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 2 Parking
Idealplace_properties
Gorgeous 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex in a Serene Neighbourhood — Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
25
₦850,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Gorgeous 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex in a Serene Neighbourhood

For sale ikoyi lagos N850million 4bed 4bath 2cars terrace duplex with luxury home features, spacious living area and kitchen, interlock compound floor Features Brand new Gated Estate Spacious living area All rooms ensuit Inbuilt Pop Sound systems Beautiful woodworks Gorgeous lightings Great ambiance Fully Fitted kitchen Beautiful chandeliers Clean water Luxury Astonishing sanitary wears Ample car parking space Water Heaters Fantastic Neighborhood title: Consent/ building approval For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected] We currently have premium homes available for sale across some of Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki Phase 1, Ikate, Salem, Ologolo, Jakande, Osapa London, Agungi, New Road, Chevron, Eleganza, Orchid, Ikota, VGC and Ajah's most sought-after locations, including: Ikoyi (Banana Island, Mojisola Onikoyi, Osborne Foreshore Estate, Parkview Estate, Dolphin Estate, Gerrard Road, Bourdillon Road, Alexander Avenue, Glover Road, Lugard Avenue, Copper Road, Moseley Road, Ojora Road, Aromire Road)

Ikoyi, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 2 Parking
Idealplace_properties
Newly Built 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex in a Serene Estate — Ojodu Berger, Ojodu, Lagos
Premium
10
₦260,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Newly Built 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex in a Serene Estate

Newly built 4 bedroom semi detached duplex location: Ojodu Berger Lagos Price : 260M(asking price) title: C of O features - All room en-suite - 24hours uninterrupted power - Wardrobes - 24hours security - p.o.p Ceiling - Fitted Kitchen - ⁠Dinning area - ⁠Fortified doors - ⁠Serene estate For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected]

Ojodu Berger, Ojodu, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 2 Parking
Ideal Homes & Properties
Lovely Built 4 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with a Room BQ — Cele Egbe, Agodo, Ikotun, Lagos
Premium
12
₦200,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Lovely Built 4 Bedroom Fully Detached Duplex with a Room BQ

Lovely built 4 fully detached duplex with a room BQ Location: Cele egbe agodo Price: 200M Title: Certificate of Occupancy features - Fitted Kitchen with accessories - Modern Day pop Ceiling - Detailed finishing - Wardrobes - ⁠chandelier - Water heater - Heat extractor - big parking space - Bq For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected]

Cele Egbe, Agodo, Ikotun, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 3 Parking
Ideal Homes & Properties
Astoundingly Built 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex — Gbagada, Lagos
Premium
14
₦400,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Astoundingly Built 4 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex

Astoundingly built 4 bedroom semi detached duplex in a nice location Location: Gbagada,lagos Price :400M(asking price) Title : Certificate of Occupancy Features: Spacious living room Ensuite rooms Well Fitted & Equipped kitchen 24hrs security ⁠Neatly fitted pop Serene residence ⁠water heater ⁠spot lights For more enquiries, contact Stephen Whatsapp: 08171969365 Phone: 08136522011, 09155232992 Email: [email protected]

Gbagada, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 2 Parking
Ideal Homes & Properties
1275SQM Land — VGC, Lekki, Lagos
Premium Verified Photos
3
₦550,000,000

Residential land for sale

1275SQM Land

Land available for sale Total Sqm: 1275sqm Price: 550Million Location: Victoria Garden City Estate Title: Global c of o Estate features: CCtv cameras, 24hour security, access code estate, kids play area, constant water supply, good drainage system, excellent road network,

VGC, Lekki, Lagos
1275 sqm
Joe Etoniru and Associates
Self Compound 3 Bedroom Terrace with BQ — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
Premium Verified Photos
9
₦550,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Self Compound 3 Bedroom Terrace with BQ

For sale Newly Built Self-compound terrace house with Bq Lekki Phase 1 Title: Governor's Consent Price 3 bedroom terrace with bq - 550m 4 bedroom terrace with bq- 600m Features Bright living area with Balcony Fully Fitted Kitchen Spacious Ensuite Bedrooms Water Heaters Premium Quality Tiles Detailed finish Central location Please call Emmanuel 08100203228 for inspection

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
Joe Etoniru and Associates
Luxury 5 Bedroom Detached Mansion — New Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
25
₦3,500,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Detached Mansion

Exclusively finished 5 bedroom luxury mansion elevator cinema, swimming pool and rooftop terrace - Contemporary Modern Architecture - Detailed Tasteful Finishing - Modern Luxury Appurtenances - Cinema - Pop Ceiling - Ample Car Park - Alluring Lightings - Beautiful Walk-in Closet - Stamp Concrete Floor - Spacious Living Area - ⁠Wet And Dry Kitchen - Luxury Sanitary Wares - CCTV Surveillance - ⁠Elevator - Family Lounge - Balconies - Rooftop Terrace - Swimming Pool - Fully Fitted Kitchen - ⁠Study Room - ⁠Box Room - Integrated Audio Music System - 2 Boy's Quarters - Secure Access Control And Gated Estate - Fantastic Neighbourhood location: Ikoyi, lagos price N3.5b

New Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 7 Parking
Jupero Properties
Luxury 4 Bedrooms Maisonettes with BQ — Bourdillon Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
Premium
13
₦1,000,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Luxury 4 Bedrooms Maisonettes with BQ

For sale the luxury apartments located at highbrow area at old ikoyi. Lagos Upon completion, the project will comprise 58 units of different apartments ranging from 4 bedrooms Maisonettes and 4 bedrooms Apartments. Size 4890SQM, and it's made up of Two Towers. Tower a comprises a total of 28 units. The breakdown is as follows; 2 Penthouses 20 Maisonettes 6 Apartments Tower B comprises 30 units. The breakdown is as follows; 2 Penthouses 20 Maisonettes 8 Apartments Various floor plan sizes; Penthouses floor plan Lower Floor 498.5SQM per unit Upper Floor 408.1SQM per unit Maisonettes floor plan Lower Floor 253.3SQM Each Floor Upper Floor 238.3SQM Apartments floor plan Type 1 316.8SQM per unit Type 2 318.4SQM per unit Prices: Four bedrooms Apartments -- N1B Payment plan 50% initial deposit while the balance is spread over 12 months. Amenities and facilities are as follows: Adult and children's swimming pools Wet and Dry Kitchens spa Functional GYM Fully Secured 24-hours Power 2 General Elevators Per Tower Concierge Desk Lounge overlooking the lobby Spacious Elevator lobby Lawn Tennis Court 2 Elevators Per Tower Maids Room Innovative Lighting System Floor lights Ample parking space Air Conditioning Double volume lounge Smart home system Note work is on going at 90% completion buy now before the price increases for more details +2347031954661

Bourdillon Road, Old Ikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 3 Parking
Jupero Properties

Showing 19,801–19,821 of 97,619 properties

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Nigeria is ₦330,000,000.

The price of the most expensive flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Nigeria is ₦11,000,000,000.

The price of the cheapest flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Nigeria is ₦2,600,000.

There are 97,619 available flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Nigeria. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.