Nigeria Property Centre
Invest in Palm Oil Production with C of O and Earn Over 80% Yearly
Premium
9
₦5,500,000

Industrial land for sale

Invest in Palm Oil Production with C of O and Earn Over 80% Yearly

*nova palm city* *_Own the Land. Grow the Wealth. Harvest the Future._* The wealthiest investors don't just buy assets. They position themselves at the source of industries that the world cannot do without. One of those industries is Palm Oil. Palm oil is used in thousands of everyday products, from food and beverages to cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, detergents, and biofuels. The demand is constant. The market is global. The opportunity is massive. But here's what smart investors understand... The biggest profits are not always made from trading commodities. They are made by owning productive assets that generate those commodities. This is where Nova Palm City comes in. Nova Palm City gives you the opportunity to own strategically located oil palm farmland within a professionally managed plantation ecosystem designed for long-term wealth creation. You're not just buying land. You're acquiring a productive asset positioned within one of Africa's fastest-growing agricultural sectors. High global demand for palm oil One of the highest-yielding oil crops in the world Long productive lifespan of over 20 years Professional plantation management Freehold ownership with registered survey Potential to benefit from increasing Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) production as the plantation matures *Investment Options* 1 Acre ₦5,500,000 1 Hectare ₦13,750,000 10 Hectares ₦137,500,000 Flexible payment plans available. Whether you are an executive, entrepreneur, diaspora investor, retiree, or someone looking to diversify your portfolio beyond traditional investments, Nova Palm City offers a rare opportunity to participate in a productive asset class backed by real demand and long-term value. Because in today's economy, the question is no longer: "Do you own land?" The question is: "Do you own an asset that produces wealth?" Nova Palm City Own the Land. Grow the Wealth. Harvest the Future. Send us a message today to receive the brochure, payment plan, site inspection details, and full investment information. +2348023367443

Imala Anigbado, Abeokuta North, Ogun
10 3000 sqm
Olaangel Propertyplus
Several Acres of Industrial Land
Premium
1
₦50,000,000

Industrial land for sale

Several Acres of Industrial Land

Several acres of industrial land along sagamu-ore-benin expressway, orile-makun, near sagamu, ogun state. Several Acres of Industrial Land along and directly facing the Sagamu-Ore-Benin Expressway, before Sagamu, is available for Sale. There is Industrial Gas-Line in front of the Land, which makes Industrial gas available to manufacturing companies, after obtaining the necessary Regulatory Approvals from the appropriate Authorities. Location: The Land is situated at maiyegun /aladie area, Orile Makun, between Sagamu Interchange Bridge and Sagamu. It is about 10 minutes drive away from the Interchange Bridge. Landmark: Refem Millers Ltd, Sagamu For full details and pictures, Click on the Links here: https://wa.me/p/8326586420725446/2348023189403 or https://ladwhiterealproperties.com/2024/08/16/several-acres-of-industrial-land-along-sagamu-ore-benin-expressway-at-orile-makun-sagamu-ogun-state-nigeria/ title: C of O price #50 Million per Acre land's google maps: https://www.google.com/maps/place/6.866825027346252,3.6170101538300514 view our comprehensive industrial and residential lands at agbara/igbesa, abeokuta, sagamu and ijebu areas, ogun state, Click on the Link here: https://ladwhiterealproperties.com/2021/06/26/industrial-and-residential-lands-at-agbara-igbesa-and-other-areas-in-ogun-state-nigeria/ *notes for inspection:* (a) *Letter of Intent (LoI)* should be written to us for the Physical Inspection. (b) a minimum of 24 Hours notice should be given for the Inspection. (c) For physical inspection, Buyer /Buyers should be present. *NO buyer, NO inspection.* (d) Copies of *title Documents, (Survey Plan and others) are released to the buyer for Search*, only after physical inspection of the property. (e) Money to cover the Agents' logistics e.g. fueling of vehicle for movement is requested from the buyer coming for Inspection. Contact Us: @ LAD-White Real Properties Call /WhatsApp: +2348023189403 www.ladwhiterealproperties.com

Sagamu-Ore-Benin Expressway, Maiyegun Area, Sagamu, Ogun
Lad-White Real Properties (a Division of Lad-White Ventures LTD)
55 Acres of Industrial Scheme Land
Premium
7 Video
₦70,000,000

Industrial land for sale

55 Acres of Industrial Scheme Land

*55 Acres of industrial land at agbara industrial scheme, a little off the lagos-badagry expressway, ogun state.* 55 Acres of Industrial Land (22.634 Hectares) located within the Agbara Industrial Scheme is available for sale. The Scheme which had been fully developed by Ogun State Govt has all the necessary facilities that made it a conducive environment for industrial and commercial activities. Location: The Land is located on Anioma Road in the Industrial Scheme, and directly opposite Beloxxi Biscuit & Confectionery Manufacturing Company. The Industrial Scheme is a little off the Lagos-Badagry Expressway. There are good Roads Networks, a good supply of electricity, and a stable supply of Industrial Gas. Gas-Line passed through the front of this Land for connection after obtaining the necessary Regulatory Approvals. For pictures and full details - click the Link here: Our WhatsApp E-Catalogue: https://wa.me/p/3232823416837999/2348023189403 or Our Website: https://ladwhiterealproperties.com/55-acres-of-industrial-land-22-634-hectares-is-available-for-sale-at-agbara-industrial-scheme-ogun-state-nigeria/ title: C of O price: #70 Million Per Acre *notes for inspection:* (a) *Letter of Intent (LoI)* should be written to us for the Physical Inspection. (b) a minimum of 24 Hours notice should be given for the Inspection. (c) For physical inspection, Buyer /Buyers should be present. *NO buyer, NO inspection.* (d) Copies of *title Documents, (Survey Plan and others) are released to the buyer for Search*, only after physical inspection of the property. (e) Money to cover the Agents' logistics e.g. fueling of vehicle for movement is requested from the buyer coming for Inspection. Contact Us: @ LAD-White Real Properties Call /WhatsApp /Telegram: +2348023189403 www.ladwhiterealproperties.com

Industrial Scheme, Agbara, Ado-Odo/Ota, Ogun
Lad-White Real Properties (a Division of Lad-White Ventures LTD)
300 Acres of Industrial/ Commercial Land with Warehouse
Premium
2
₦600,000,000

Industrial land for sale

300 Acres of Industrial/ Commercial Land with Warehouse

300 Acres of industrial land with warehouse, directly facing lagos ibadan expressway at magboro, ogun state. 300 Acres of Industrial/Commercial Land with a big Warehouse, along and directly facing the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway at Magboro, Ogun State. Location: The Property is located on the side of the Expressway going from Ibadan to Lagos Minimum Sales from the Land is 100 Acres. For full details, pictures and video clip, Click on the Link here: https://wa.me/p/26821853894163250/2348023189403 or https://ladwhiterealproperties.com/2026/06/16/300-acres-of-industrial-commercial-land-warehouse-on-it-directly-facing-the-lagos-ibadan-expressway-at-magboro-ogun-state/ title: C of O price: #600 Million per Acre *notes for inspection:* (a) *Letter of Intent (LoI)* should be written to us for the Physical Inspection. (b) a minimum of 24 Hours notice should be given for the Inspection. (c) For physical inspection, Buyer /Buyers should be present. *NO buyer, NO inspection.* (d) Copies of *title Documents, (Survey Plan and others) are released to the buyer for Search*, only after physical inspection of the property. (e) please note well !! : Money to cover the Agents' logistics is requested to be paid by the prospective Buyer coming for Inspection. Contact Us: @ LAD-White Real Properties Call /WhatsApp: +2348023189403 www.ladwhiterealproperties.com

Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, Magboro, Magboro, Ogun
Lad-White Real Properties (a Division of Lad-White Ventures LTD)
Premium
₦18,000,000

Industrial land for sale

18 Acres Prime Industrial Land

- Prime industrial land Location: Papalanto Road, Sagamu Link Expressway, Oba-Owode Local Government Area, Ogun State Land Size: 18 Acres Price: ₦18 Million Per Acre Title: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) Strategically located along the fast-developing Sagamu--Papalanto industrial corridor. Suitable for factories, warehouses, logistics hubs, manufacturing plants, industrial estates, and large-scale commercial developments. Excellent accessibility to major expressways and industrial clusters. Secure investment with a valid C of O title. Google Pin Available for Easy Site Location For inspection, inquiries, and further details, kindly The Sagamu--Papalanto corridor is a recognized industrial growth axis with ongoing road infrastructure improvements and increasing industrial activity, making it attractive for logistics and manufacturing investments. 

Papalanto Road, Sagamu Link Expressway, Obafemi Owode, Ogun
Oretayos Global Services Limited
Farm Land of the Day
Featured
11
₦3,600,000

Industrial land for sale

Farm Land of the Day

Farmland of the day --- heritage farm city phase 2 Now you too can make real, sustainable profit from agriculture! Heritage Farm City Phase 2 is strategically located just 25 minutes from funaab, making it the ideal environment for smart agricultural investment and long-term wealth building. Whether you're starting an agribusiness, expanding your existing farm, securing land for the future, or looking for a high-return, low-risk opportunity, HFC Phase 2 gives you fertile land, great access, and a fully supported farming system. What you get: - Land Clearing & Preparation - Cultivation & Ploughing - Planting & Harvesting - We Can Sell Your Produce - 24/7 Security - Advanced Borehole Irrigation - Free Seeds - Free Fertilizer landmarks: Funaab - Federal Ministry of Agriculture - Abeokuta Golf Club - Eleweran Market - Alabata Market - oopl Wildlife Park - Olumo Rock prices inclusive of set UP cost, cultivation and harvest: - 1 Acre --- ₦3.6M (₦500K initial deposit) Plus - 500 Stands of Plantain - 500 Stands of Cocoa - 112 Stands of Cashew - 60 Stands of Oil Palm - 1 Hectare --- ₦9M (₦1M initial deposit) Plus - 1,250 Stands of Plantain - 1,250 Stands of Cocoa - 280 Stands of Cashew - 150 Stands of Oil Palm The more the Size, the more the produce and the more the profit yield special offer: Buy 5 plots, get 1 plot free payment plan: 4 months (outright) - 6 months - 12 months title: Freehold, Deed of Assignment & Registered Survey

Off Funaab, Alabata, Abeokuta North, Ogun
Waziri Homes&properties
20 Acres Land Size:* 20 Acres Secondary School Site Built on *a Fully
6
₦1,500,000,000

Industrial land for sale

20 Acres Land Size:* 20 Acres Secondary School Site Built on *a Fully

*mass land property for sale* *(Investors Delight)* *(Direct Brief)* a Secondary School Site Built On *a Fully Fenced 20 Acre* Parcel Of Land is up for sale *@ Onihale, Kajola - Orile Ifo lga Area, Ogun State.* Close To Sango Ota. - Students have been moved to another site in Sango-Ota. - Vacated property is 15 minutes drive from Onihale *along Lagos/Abeokuta Express road.* - Also about 20 minutes drive from Kajola Railway station, the proposed site for Rail Wagon Manufacturing factory. *Facilities On Ground:-* 1) U shaped block of rooms accommodating classes, offices, library, laboratories toilets and sick bay. 2) Block of rooms for Boys hostel. 3) Block of rooms for Girls hostel. 4) School hall/Kitchen 5) Staff quarters for Principal and Vice-Principal (One bedroom bungalow each) 6) An uncompleted 3 bedroom bungalow. 7) A Standard Football field 8) a Standard Basketball/lawn-tennis court. 9) High tension power supply. 10) Borehole for water supply. 11) Generator house. *Property Suitable For:* √ Mini Estate √ Tertiary Institution (i.e Polytechnic...) √ Company √ Modern Day & Boarding School √ Modern Hospital √ Standard Hotel etc. *Land Size:* 20 Acres *Location:* Onihale, Kajola - Orile, Ifo lga, Ogun State. *Title:* C Of O *Price:* 1.5 Billion Naira (Only) *Facilitators Fee:* 5% (Not Negotiable) *Survey Plan Available For Only Serious Buyer* ‎*For Serious and Direct Client Buyers Inspection (Give Us 24hrs Notice) & 4 More Enquiries Contact Us.* ‎ ‎*Do You Have Direct Briefs or Properties You Want To Sell / Rent, Send / Contact Us.* Jeja

Onihale, Kajola - Orile, Ifo Lga, Ogun State. *title:* C of O, Ifo, Ogun Added yesterday
Charis Top Luxury Properties
₦12,000,000

Industrial land for sale

171 Acres of Fresh Quarry Land

*171 Acres of fresh quarry land near ajebo, off lagos-ibadan expressway, ajebo, ogun state, nigeria* 171 Acres of Quarry Land at Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, in Ogun State, Nigeria. Location: The quarry land is located in a Village near ajebo, off Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, Ogun State. Title: Registered Survey Plan Chatting Information Certificate. Price: #12 Million per Acre 5% Agency/Facilitators Fee payment by the Buyer on the Purchase Price is applicable. *notes for inspection:* (a) *Letter of Intent (LoI)* should be written to us for the Physical Inspection. (b) a minimum of 24 Hours notice should be given for the Inspection. (c) For physical inspection, Buyer /Buyers should be present. *NO buyer, NO inspection.* (d) Inspection requires some "Kola money" (Owo-Iwoko) for the Village/Community/Family Heads in charge of the Land. (e) Copies of *title Documents, (Survey Plan and others) are released to the buyer for Search*, only after physical inspection of the property. (f) please note well !! : Money to cover the Agents' logistics is requested to be paid by the prospective Buyer coming for Inspection. Contact Us: @ LAD-White Real Properties Phone /WhatsApp /Telegram: +2348023189403 www.ladwhiterealproperties.com

Ajebo, Off Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, Obafemi Owode, Ogun
Lad-White Real Properties (a Division of Lad-White Ventures LTD)
Industrial Land
1 Video
₦250,000,000

Industrial land for sale

Industrial Land

Fenced 11.5 acres with c.of.o fenced land along Lagos Ibadan expressway at #250million per acre negotiable. There's also 17 acres without c.of.o but with registered survey plan at #90million per acre negotiable. For inspection and more details, call below numbers: +2348032328048 +2348098422007 +2348028486384

Lagos - Ibadan Expressway, KM 46, Ogun
45385 sqm
Moyo Francis Associates
100 Acres of Industrial Land
5 Video
₦125,000,000

Industrial land for sale

100 Acres of Industrial Land

I00 acres of industrial land along and directly facing the lagos-ibadan expressway, in ogun state. 100 acres of industrial land, along and directly facing the lagos-ibadan expressway is available for sale. Location: the land is located between rccg camp and sagamu interchange bridge. It is on the side of the expressway going from ibadan to lagos. For full details, pictures and video clip, click on the links here: Https://wa. Me/p/9362108827233521/2348023189403 or Https://ladwhiterealproperties. Com/2025/03/21/100-acres-of-industrial-land-along-and-directly-facing-the-lagos-ibadan-expressway-between-rccg-camp-and-sagamu-interchange-bridge-ogun-state/ Title: registered survey plan c of o is almost out. Price: ₦125 million per acre. For comprehensive list of our industrial/commercial lands along and directly facing the lagos-ibadan expressway, and off the expressway, click on the link here: Https://ladwhiterealproperties. Com/2021/06/27/industrial-and-commercial-lands-along-lagos-ibadan-expressway/ *notes for inspection:* (a) *letter of intent (loi)* should be written to us for the physical inspection. (b) a minimum of 24 hours notice should be given for the inspection. (c) for physical inspection, buyer /buyers should be present. *no buyer, no inspection. * (d) copies of *title documents, (survey plan and others) are released to the buyer for search*, only after physical inspection of the property. (e) money to cover the agents' logistics e. G. Fueling of vehicle for movement is requested from the buyer coming for the inspection. Contact us: @ Lad-white real properties Phone /whatsapp /telegram: +2348023189403 Www. Ladwhiterealproperties. Com

Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, Sagamu, Ogun
Lad-White Real Properties (a Division of Lad-White Ventures LTD)
Video
₦5,000,000

Industrial land for sale

3000SQM Farm Land

Ile Idunnu Gardens Estate: A Smart Investment Opportunity Ile Idunnu Gardens is a strategic investment opportunity located in Owode Egba, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria. This Estate promises maximum returns on investment within a short period, making it an attractive option for savvy investors. Key Investment Highlights: 1. *High-Yield Investment*: Ile Idunnu Gardens Estate guarantees high returns on investment, ensuring that investors reap substantial benefits. 2. *Short-Term Returns*: Investors can expect to receive maximum returns within a short period, providing a quick and substantial payoff. 3. *Prime Location*: The estate is strategically located in a high-growth area, ensuring that property values will appreciate over time. 4. *Secure Investment*: Ile Idunnu Gardens Estate is a secure investment opportunity, backed by a reputable developer and a solid investment plan. Why Invest in Ile Idunnu Gardens Estate? 1. *Growing Demand*: The demand for property in the area is increasing, driven by population growth and urbanization. 2. *Limited Supply*: The supply of property in the area is limited, ensuring that investors can capitalize on the demand. 3. *Government Support*: The government is investing in infrastructure development in the area, further increasing the attractiveness of the investment. Promo price is 600 Thousand Naira per plot of 500 SQM. Actual price is 1.5 million Naira per plot. Documentation and survey fee is 300 Thousand Naira per plot. Promo price for 6 Plots is 6m Terms and conditions applies. Plots sizes available are: 500 and 3000. Estate Landmarks: International brewery. Apple and Pearl Company. Olam Food. Nestle. Proposed site for Tinubu University. Emiefile Farm and many more. Land Title : Registered Survey and Deed of Assignment. Don't miss out on this lucrative investment opportunity. Invest in Ile Idunnu Gardens today and reap the rewards of a smart investment decision.

Mowe Town, Ogun
3000 3000 sqm
Trllionaire Realtors Group
7 Acres of Prime Industrial Land/Facility
4
₦1,200,000,000

Industrial land for sale

7 Acres of Prime Industrial Land/Facility

7 Acres of prime industrial land/facility at opic industrial estate, agbara, ogun state. This is a Unique Opportunity to acquire a Prime Industrial Land/Facility, formerly occupied by a Fold-Up Cable and Aluminium Melting Factory, in a strategic Location. The exceptional Land/Property boasts of a total Land area of 27,390.91 Square Metres, strategically located within the Opic Industrial Estate, Agbara. Previous usage: The Land/Property was previously utilized for industrial purposes, specifically for Cable and Aluminium melting operations. Features: (1) Power Amber Building (2) Aluminium Smelting Building (3) Cable Section Building (4) Reception Buildingin (5) Guest Houses A-D (6) Weigh Bridge (7) Generator House (8) Gate/Security House key benefits: (a) Prime Industrial Land location with easy access to major highways and transportation networks (b) Versatile Land suitable for various industrial applications (c) Vacant possession for immediate development and operations. (d) It is a Bank Sale. Location: Opic Industrial Estate, Agbara land size: 27,390.91 sqm (6 Acres and 5 Plots) For full details, pictures and video clip, Click on the Links here: https://wa.me/p/9152401608213498/2348023189403 or https://ladwhiterealproperties.com/2025/02/18/7-acres-of-prime-industrial-land-facility-at-opic-industrial-estate-agbara-ogun-state-nigeria/ title: C of O price: ₦1.2 Billion 5% Agency/Facilitators Fee payment by the Buyer on the Purchase Price is applicable. *notes for inspection:* (a) *Letter of Intent (LoI)* should be written to us for the Physical Inspection. (b) a minimum of 24 Hours notice should be given for the Inspection. (c) For physical inspection, Buyer /Buyers should be present. *NO buyer, NO inspection.* (d) Copies of *title Documents, (Survey Plan and others) are released to the buyer for Search*, only after physical inspection of the property. (e) Money to cover the Agents' logistics e.g. fueling of vehicle for movement is requested from the buyer coming for the Inspection. Contact Us: @ LAD-White Real Properties Phone /WhatsApp /Telegram: +2348023189403 www.ladwhiterealproperties.com

Industrial Estate, Agbara, Ado-Odo/Ota, Ogun
27391 sqm
Lad-White Real Properties (a Division of Lad-White Ventures LTD)
₦100,000,000

Industrial land for sale

2.5 Acres of Industrial Land

*2. 5 Acres of industrial land at abeokuta north local govt area, ogun state* 2 + Half Acres of Industrial Land is available for Sale on Abeokuta-Lagos Expressway, Abeokuta North lga, Ogun State. The Land is surrounded by industries. Industrial gas is readily available in the area. Location: The Land is situated at km 8, Abeokuta-Lagos Expressway (Ile-ise-awo bus stop) Abeokuta, ogun state. It is about 5 Poles off the Expressway. Title: C of O Price: #100 million notes for inspection: (a) *Letter of Intent (LoI)* should be written to us for the physical inspection. (b) a Minimum of 24 Hours Notice should be given for the Inspection. (c) for Physical Inspection, buyer /buyers should be present. *NO buyer, NO inspection.* (d) Generally, money to cover the agents' logistics e. g. Fueling of vehicle for movement is requested. Contact us: @ Lad-white real properties Phone /whatsapp: +2348023189403 www.ladwhiterealproperties.com

KM 8, Abeokuta-Lagos Expressway, Ile-Ise Awo Bus-Stop, Abeokuta North, Ogun
Lad-White Real Properties (a Division of Lad-White Ventures LTD)
₦45,000,000

Industrial land for sale

52 Acres of Industrial Land

*52 Acres of industrial/commercial lands at near sagamu interchange bridge roundabout* 52 Acres of Industrial/Commercial Land at a little off the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway. Location: The Land is located at about 2 bus stops away from nestle Manufacturing Company at opposite Sagamu Interchange Bridge Roundabout. Title: C of O price: #45 Million per Acre. *(NOTE: The whole Land to be sold as a unit. No split sales)* *please note for inspection:* (a) *Letter of Intent (LoI)* should be written to us for the Physical Inspection. (b) a minimum of 24 Hours notice should be given for the Inspection. (c) For physical inspection, Buyer /Buyers should be present. *NO buyer, NO inspection.* (d) Generally, money to cover the Agents' logistics e.g. fueling of vehicle for movement is requested. Contact Us: @ LAD-White Real Properties Call/WhatsApp: +2348023189403 www.ladwhiterealproperties.com

Sagamu-Papalanto Road, by Sagamu Interchange Bridge Roundabout., Obafemi Owode, Ogun
Lad-White Real Properties (a Division of Lad-White Ventures LTD)
₦120,000,000

Industrial land for sale

125 Acres of Industrial Land

*125 Acres of industrial land near nestle company, by sagamu interchange bridge roundabout* Several Acres of Industrial Land is available for Sale. Location: The Land is situated near the nestle company , by Sagamu Interchange Bridge Roundabout. Title: C of O price: #120 Million per Acre. (NOTE: All to be sold to a single buyer. No split sales) *please note for inspection:* (a) *Letter of Intent (LoI)* should be written to us for the Physical Inspection. (b) a minimum of 24 Hours notice should be given for the Inspection. (c) For physical inspection, Buyer /Buyers should be present. *NO buyer, NO inspection.* (d) Generally, money to cover the Agents' logistics e.g. fueling of vehicle for movement is requested. Contact Us: @ LAD-White Real Properties Call/WhatsApp: +2348023189403 www.ladwhiterealproperties.com

Sagamu Interchange Bridge Roundabout, Obafemi Owode, Ogun
Lad-White Real Properties (a Division of Lad-White Ventures LTD)

Showing 1–15 of 15 properties

Area Guide

About Ogun, Nigeria

Ogun State is a state in western Nigeria. It borders Lagos State to the South, Oyo and Osun states to the North, Ondo State to the east and the republic of Benin to the west. Abeokuta is the capital and largest city in the state.

The state's nickname is "Gateway to Nigeria". It was created in February 1976 from the former Western State. The 1991 census recorded a total population of 2,338,570 residents. The state governor is Senator Ibikunle Amosun.

Ogun State, today, has emerged as one of the fastest growing business destinations in Nigeria, with several local and international businesses and factories strategically sited within the 2 km government acquisition area of the Lagos - Sagamu expressway. With Dangote's cement factory in Ibese, Nestle, DHL, Big Treat, Coleman Cables and several others, Ogun State may as well be the investor's haven in the Sub Region.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of industrial land for sale in Ogun is ₦40,000,000 per acre.

The price of the most expensive industrial land for sale in Ogun is ₦600,000,000 per acre.

The price of the cheapest industrial land for sale in Ogun is ₦3,500,000 per acre.

There are 15 available industrial land for sale in Ogun. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.