Nigeria Property Centre
Premium Plus Top promoted listing
Title:
excision: Excision Number (LS/D/BK 246)
3 photos
₦5,000,000

Land for sale

Title:
excision: Excision Number (LS/D/BK 246)

Looking for an affordable land investment in Lagos with solid future returns? Liberty Island is selling at an unbeatable pre-launch price of N5M for 500SQM. Location: Dongo Village, Awoyaya -- in the heart of Ajah, Lagos. Title: Excision: Excision Number (LS/D/BK 246) pre-launch prices: 5 Million intial deposit: 1 Million Estate Features : Internet fibre to homes Good road network CCTV cameras Estate security Recreation centre. Landmark: Blenco ⁠Lakowe Leisure Park ⁠lakowe Golf ⁠Caleb British International School This is your golden opportunity to own land in a fast-developing area with excellent infrastructure -- whether you're building your dream home or investing for the future. Don't wait until it's too late --- buy now and save. For your executive viewing and purchase: Call/WhatsApp: +234 8032244220 [email protected]

Awoyaya, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
500 sqm

Lavish Residential Limited

Verified Agent

Contact Agent
This Premium Property, for Happy Investors, Ready for the Next Level
Premium
25 Video
₦60,000,000 per plot

Residential land for sale

This Premium Property, for Happy Investors, Ready for the Next Level

Exclusive offer at lekki aviation town Lekki Aviation Town is a modern estate strategically located along the Lekki Epe Expressway within the prime neighborhood of emerging Lagos state new economy. It's a dream come through for everyone who desires a home and investment that can yield a good return on investment within the shortest possible period of time. Location: Lekki Epe Expressway Title: Certificate of Occupancy Ember Promo Prices & Sizes 500sqm - NGN60,000.000 Note: Price is all inclusive & Allocation is instant at 100% Payment. Estate Features - Perimeter Fence & Gate ️- Good road and drainage - Streetlights ‍️- 24/7 Security ️- 24/7 Electrification ️- Landscaping - 100% dry land neigbourhood & landmark - Lekki International Airport Proposed Site - Alaro City ️- Pan Africa University - Dangote Refinery - Dangote Fertilizer Plant ️- Lekki Free Trade Zone - Lekki Deep Sea Port - Several gated estates For more information and payment details call/whatsapp +2347030251747

Lekki Aviation Town, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
500 sqm
Zaks Properties
4 Bedroom Fully Furnished Terrace Duplex
Premium
12
₦150,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

4 Bedroom Fully Furnished Terrace Duplex

Stop searching... Start living the dream Welcome to The Paradiso by Boulevard - where luxury, comfort, and security come together to give you the lifestyle you truly deserve. Perfectly located in Bogije along the Lekki-Epe Expressway, it offers both serene living and smart investment potential. Features: - 4-Bedroom Terrace Duplexes - Semi-Finished, Fully Finished & Fully Furnished options - Secure, well-planned environment - Title: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) Prices: - ₦150M --- Fully Finished- ₦110M --- Semi-Finished Don't just search... step into your dream lifestyle today. Send a DM or call now to book an inspection. The Paradiso by Boulevard - Where Dreams Become Reality.

Beechwood Estate at Adiva Plainfield, Bogije, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos Added today
4 Beds
Braynux Properties
7 Bedrooms Fully Detached Ensuite Duplex in Amen Estate
Premium
17
₦495,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

7 Bedrooms Fully Detached Ensuite Duplex in Amen Estate

For sale Luxury 7-Bedroom Fully Detached Mansion with BQ Land Size: 1.5 Plot Location: Amen Estate Phase 1, Off Lekki--Epe Expressway, Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos. Title: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) Property Features: 7 Spacious En-suite Bedrooms Boys' Quarters (BQ) Expansive Living & Dining Areas Fully Fitted Kitchen Family Lounge Ample Parking Space Beautifully Landscaped Compound Located in a Secure, Gated Estate with Premium Infrastructure Nearby Landmarks: Pan-Atlantic University Eleko Beach Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway Proposed 4th Mainland Bridge Lekki Free Trade Zone Dangote Refinery Lekki Deep Sea Port Alaro City Price: 495,000,000

Amen Estate, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos Added today
7 Beds 8 Baths 8 Toilets
Odukoya Ayomide
3 Bedroom Bungalow
Premium
6
₦37,000,000

Detached bungalow for sale

3 Bedroom Bungalow

3 bedroom bungalow. All rooms ensuite with separate 2 rooms upstairs with gate house, 1 room boys quarters and a mini shop downstairs.

Millitary Estate, Eleko, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 3 Toilets
Naeleseneh Properties LTD
Affordable Ibeju Lekki Land Option. a Buy and Build Offer at Lekki
Premium
5 Video
₦9,500,000 per plot

Industrial land for sale

Affordable Ibeju Lekki Land Option. a Buy and Build Offer at Lekki

Sweet villa phase 1, tabgati, ibeju lekki Discover the perfect investment opportunity at sweet villa phase 1, a prime estate located in the fast-developing area of tagbati, ibeju lekki, lagos. Property Details: - Location: Tagbate, ibeju lekki - Title: Gazzette - Size: 550SQM - Price: ₦9.5M - Topography: 100% Table Dry Land - Accessibility: Facing the expressway -- excellent for residential or commercial use Features & Benefits: - Strategic location with rapid infrastructure development - Easy access to major landmarks in Epe - Great for land banking and future development - Peaceful, well-planned layout in a growing community Ideal for smart investors looking for early entry into "Ibeju lekki" booming real estate market.

Tagbati, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos, Lekki, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos Added today
550 sqm
RC & Co Properties
Fenced 5 Acres of Land
Premium
5
₦10,500,000 per plot

Mixed-use land for sale

Fenced 5 Acres of Land

Fenced 5 Acres of Land by riverside -Ideal for Resorts & Estate Close to la campaign Tropicana

La Campaign Tropicana Road, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
20234 sqm
Naeleseneh Properties LTD
Luxury Furnished 3 Bedroom Duplex
Premium
5
₦145,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Luxury Furnished 3 Bedroom Duplex

Experience Luxury Living at Its Finest in Awoyaya, Lagos. We proudly presents a premium investment opportunity designed for smart homeowners and visionary investors. Introducing our exquisitely built 3-Bedroom Fully Ensuite Duplex Terrace, strategically located in Awoyaya, directly facing the expressway for easy accessibility and convenience. This stunning property combines elegance, comfort, security, and modern architecture to deliver the perfect lifestyle experience for you and your family. Property Features: Spacious 3-Bedroom Duplex Terrace All Rooms Fully Ensuite Contemporary Architectural Design Spacious Living & Dining Area Modern Kitchen Finishing 24 hours Electricity and Security Ample Parking Space Serene Environment Excellent Road Network Prime Location Facing the Express Perfect for Residential Living & Investment title: Global Certificate of Occupancy (Global C of O) price: ₦145 Million flexible payment plan: Spread payment conveniently across 3 months. Special outright payment offer: Enjoy a 4.95% Discount on outright payment. Pay just ₦138 Million instead of ₦145 Million. WHY this property stands out: Awoyaya is rapidly becoming one of the most sought-after residential and investment destinations along the Lekki-Epe axis. With increasing infrastructure development, rising property appreciation, and high rental demand, this property is not just a home it is a strategic investment into your future. Whether you are looking for: ️ A luxury family home ️ a high-return investment property ️ Rental income opportunities ️ Long-term property appreciation This property delivers it all. Secure your dream home today and invest in a future built on value, comfort, and prestige.

Prime Estate, Awoyaya, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 3 Toilets
Donfabulous Homes
Best Offer of the Year
Premium
4 Video
₦13,000,000 per plot

Residential land for sale

Best Offer of the Year

The newest and finest residential estate in the city of Awoyaya Lagos is oxford heights estate made for serene and peaceful for raising a family, or modern and comfortable home. This estate is situated just behind Mayfair garden estate near new coaster road construction leading from VI to Calabar. Oxford Heights estate is titled Gazette with Government Approved Layout with simple means that your investment is safe and secured as it is free from any government encumbrances. Property Size and prices Residential Plots (500sqm) Actual price: 12,000,000 Promo price: 10,000,000 Initial Deposit: 2,000,000 Don't sleep on this Opportunity, make a move now.

Oxford Heights Estate, Awoyaya, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
4 Parking 500 sqm
Kemchuta Homes Limited
Land in a Fastest Growing Hub_ Ayora Haven
Premium
3
₦50,000,000

Land for sale

Land in a Fastest Growing Hub_ Ayora Haven

Government Allocation and top-tier infrastructure Ayora Haven offers you the opportunity to own a piece of Lagos' fastest-growing hub. All plot will be fenced round. Location: Iberekodo off Lekki/Epe Express Way, beside Eleganza, Ibeju-Lekki Lagos. Price (All-Inclusive): N3om - sold out #50M - 500SQM Estate Features: Interest Fiber Good road network CCTV coverage 24-hours professional security Recrational center Good drainage and water system landmarks: Elegenza Industrial City Alaro City Pan-Atlantic University Lekki International Airport For your executive viewing and purchase: Call/WhatsApp: +234 8032244220 [email protected] www.Lavishresidential.com

Off Lekki/Epe Express Way, Iberekodo, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
500 sqm
Lavish Residential Limited
Well Finished & Serviced 3 Bedroom Semi-Detached Bungalow
Premium
11
₦65,000,000

Semi-detached bungalow for sale

Well Finished & Serviced 3 Bedroom Semi-Detached Bungalow

Well Finished & Serviced 3 Bedroom Semi-Detached Bungalow at Meridian Park Estate, Awoyaya, Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos. Features: - Well finished property - All rooms en-suite with additional visitors toilet - Fully fitted kitchen - Ample Parking Space - Spacious Bedrooms - Parking space - Located in a Serene & Secured gated Estate. - Title: Certificate of Occupancy price: N65million For further enquiries/ arrangement for inspection, please contact: Chris: +2348177766115 (call/ whatsapp) Tola: +2348177766008(call/ whatsapp) Gabriel:+2348177766550(call/ whatsapp) Bluehedge realtors - Estate agency and property marketing - Real estate development and advisory Tel: +234-8032065685 (call/ whatsapp), 08177766110-9 (call/ whatsapp) Website: www.bluehedgerealtors.com Email: [email protected] Instagram: @bluehedgerealtors

Meridian Park Estate, Awoyaya, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
3 Beds 3 Baths 4 Toilets
Bluehedge Realtors
Strategically Located Land Measuring 450 Square Meters
Premium
7
₦70,000,000

Residential land for sale

Strategically Located Land Measuring 450 Square Meters

Strategically Located Land Measuring 450 Square Meters at Beechwood Estate, Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos. Features: - Very prime and well located land - Excellent real estate investment (rapid rate of capital appreciation) - Suitable for residential developments - Very attractive price - It can be closed (purchased) asap and it's on the basis of 'first come, first served' - Close proximity to lekki epe expressway, dangote refinery, eleko beach, new sea port, etc. - Title: C of O. Price: N70million For further enquiries/arrangements for inspection, please contact: Chris: +2348177766115 (Call/ WhatsApp) Tola: +2348177766008(Call/ WhatsApp) Damola:+2348177766183(Call/WhatsApp) Bluehedge Realtors - Estate agency and Property marketing - Real estate development and Advisory Tel: +234-8032065685 (Call/ WhatsApp), 08177766110-9 (Call/ WhatsApp) Website: www.bluehedgerealtors.com Email: [email protected] Instagram: @bluehedgerealtors

Beechwood Estate, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
450 sqm
Bluehedge Realtors
Well Located & Regular Shaped Land Measuring 450 Square Meters
Premium
7
₦60,000,000

Residential land for sale

Well Located & Regular Shaped Land Measuring 450 Square Meters

Well Located & Regular Shaped Land Measuring 450 Square Meters at Adiva Estate, Inside Beechwood Estate, Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos. Features: - Very prime and well located land - Excellent real estate investment (rapid rate of capital appreciation) - Suitable for residential developments - Very attractive price - It can be closed (purchased) asap and it's on the basis of 'first come, first served' - Close proximity to lekki epe expressway, dangote refinery, eleko beach, new sea port, etc. - Title: C of O. Price: N45million For further enquiries/arrangements for inspection, please contact: Chris: +2348177766115 (Call/ WhatsApp) Tola: +2348177766008(Call/ WhatsApp) Damola:+2348177766183(Call/WhatsApp) Bluehedge Realtors - Estate agency and Property marketing - Real estate development and Advisory Tel: +234-8032065685 (Call/ WhatsApp), 08177766110-9 (Call/ WhatsApp) Website: www.bluehedgerealtors.com Email: [email protected] Instagram: @bluehedgerealtors

Adiva Estate, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
450 sqm
Bluehedge Realtors
The Eagle Commercial
Premium
11
₦50,000,000

Land for sale

The Eagle Commercial

Title: Government Allocation Looking to position your business in a high-growth, high-impact location? Welcome to The Eagle Commercial -- your gateway to premium real estate along the ever-busy Lekki-Epe Expressway. Location: Okeogun, Lekki-Epe Expressway, Ibeju-Lekki. Price 50M (500SQM) - all inclusive . Estate Featuers Internet Fibre to Homes Good Road Network CCTV Surveillance 24/7 Estate Security Recreation Centre landmark -Alaro City -Lekki International Airport -Pan-Atlantic University -Epe Resort Don't miss this opportunity to invest in one of Lagos' most promising real estate developments! Call/WhatsApp: +234 8032244220 [email protected] www.Lavishresidential.com Ay

Lekki-Epe Expressway, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos Added today
500 sqm
Lavish Residential Limited
Kambili Luxury Estate
Premium
9
₦30,000,000

Land for sale

Kambili Luxury Estate

Title: c of o Location: Off lekki-epe expressway, ilamija eyin osa. Price: 500sqm - 30m All inclusive Intial deposit: 5 million Kambili luxury estate offers you that dream! Located off lekki-epe expressway, ilamija eyin osa, this premium estate is designed for those who value comfort, class, and long-term investment potential. Estate featuers: internet fibre to homes good road network cctv surveillance 24/7 estate security recreation centre Landmark: -alaro city -lekki international airport -pan-atlantic university -epe resort Call/WhatsApp: +234 8032244220 [email protected] Awww.Lavishresidential.com Ay

Off Lekki-Epe Expressway, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
500 sqm
Lavish Residential Limited
Mixed Use Land
Premium
4 Video
₦100,000,000

Commercial land for sale

Mixed Use Land

The aviara residence -- aiyetoro An Address Reserved for Visionaries There are properties you buy... and there are legacies you secure. The Aviara Residence is not merely an estate---it is a carefully curated enclave for those who understand the language of wealth, foresight, and timeless value. Positioned within the future epicenter of Lagos' economic expansion, this government-allocated development offers a rare convergence of prestige, privacy, and exponential appreciation. Location Aiyetoro, Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos --- Nigeria's most strategic growth corridor title Government Allocation --- definitive security for discerning investors pre-launch access (Strictly Limited) - 500sqm Residential Plots -- ₦35,000,000 private entry structure - Residential -- ₦5,000,000 initial commitment - Commercial -- ₦20,000,000 initial commitment signature infrastructure Fibre-optic connectivity for smart living Meticulously planned road architecture Integrated CCTV intelligence systems Controlled access with premium estate security Refined recreational and lifestyle spaces private incentive (INVITATION window ONLY) Complimentary perimeter fencing for the first 60 acquisitions. Institutional neighbours - Pan Atlantic University - Alaro City - Proposed International Airport This is where capital meets clarity. Where those who move early don't just participate---they dominate. Opportunities of this calibre are not announced---they are quietly secured. Private acquisition line now open. 07017174042

Aiyetoro, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
10 Parking 500 sqm
Giant Realty
Waterfront Plots at Bayfront Villas
Premium
8 Video
₦167,000,000 per plot

Residential land for sale

Waterfront Plots at Bayfront Villas

Bayfront villas, lakowe Welcome to Premium Waterfront Plots within Nathan's Bay Resort! A Waterfront estate that unfolds across a picturesque landscape with 40% dedicated to lush greenery. Bayfront villas offers discerning individuals a range of expansive plots and apartments perfect for creating your customized masterpiece. The most Strategically located property with close proximity to great landmarks and within the Eko theme park! Landmarks Novare Mall, Shoprite Lekki Deep Sea Port Dangote Refinery Forthcoming Lekki International Airport Lekki Free Trade Zone Lakowe lakes Resort Omu Resort features & amenities Gymhouse Swimming pool Sports Arena Eco Community Resort lifestyle environment Good Road Network Security bayfront villas plots 300SQM -58M 500SQM - 101M (Standard) 500SQM (Premium Waterfront plots) 152M 500SQM (Island Waterfront plots) 167M payment plan 12 months payment plan title document C of O nathan's bay -- Waterfront Living Redefined.

Opposite Lakowe Golf, Lakowe, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos Added yesterday
500 sqm
Hoab Homes
Buy and Build Land
Premium
6
₦21,000,000 per plot

Residential land for sale

Buy and Build Land

Plots of land at Serenity Gardens, Okegun, Lekki - Epe Expressway Serenity Gardens is a premium buy & build estate designed for those who seek tranquility, sustainability, and long-term value. Nestled in Okegun Elerangbe, along Lekki-Epe Expressway, Ibeju Lekki. Serenity Gardens offers a perfect balance of modern living, green spaces, and high investment potential. Why Choose Serenity Gardens? *Secure, serene, and designed for harmonious living. *Eco-conscious estate with green landscapes. *Buy & Build Immediately. No waiting -- start your dream home today! *Investor Worthy. Prime location with exponential appreciation potential. *Government Approved C of O. Peace of mind with secure land ownership. *All client will get sandfilled plot. *Flexible Payment Plans. Infrastructures to be provided: *Interlocked roads network *Drainage System *Electricity *Gate house and fence *Security Guards Etc With just N3m initial deposit you can secure a plot here. Promo Price: 300SQM plot 0 - 3 Months: N21m 4 - 6 Months: N23.5m 7 - 12 Months: N24.5m 13 - 18 Months: N27.5m 500SQM plot 0 - 3 Months: N35m 4 - 6 Months: N36.8m 7 - 12 Months: N37.8m 13 - 18 Months: N43m All Fee Inclusive, Except Cost of Registered Survey Plan. Get peace of mind, secure a plot in Serenity Gardens today!

Lekki Epe Expressway, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
Soloproperty of Lagos
Govt Apptoved Green Estate with C of O Title
Premium
7
₦22,500,000 per plot

Mixed-use land for sale

Govt Apptoved Green Estate with C of O Title

Hottest property sales deal in iikoyi Marketed by real estate generals( reg) +234. 8066. 13. 79. 25 +234. 9020. 19. 79. 30 +234. 8052. 53. 66. 44 ️Solace Garden Estate, ibeju-lekki️ Solace Garden Estate is a very deliberate response to where real estate is going, not where it has been. For years, we built houses. Now, the conversation has changed. People are asking better questions. "Is the environment structured?" "Is it breathable?" "Is it sustainable long-term?" "Will this still make sense 10 years from now?" That's exactly why this project exists. Over 2,000 trees. 5 to 10 hectares dedicated to greenery. Not as decoration, but as infrastructure. Because the next level of wealth is not just owning land. It is owning in the right kind of environment. Elerangbe, Ibeju-Lekki is not random. It sits within the growth corridor that serious investors have been quietly watching. Elerengbe, Ibeju-Lekki Title: Government Allocation C of O Land & Prices: - 300sqm - N14M - 500sqm - N22.5M - 1000sqm - N44M (Initial deposit - N1M) Landmarks: - Lekki-Epe Expressway - Lekki Epe International Airport - Pan Atlantic University - Dangote Refinery - Lekki Deep sea port While many people are still chasing what is already expensive, a few are positioning where development is still expanding. That difference is what creates margin. If you understand timing, you already know what to do next.

Solex Graden Estate Off Lekki Epe Express Way, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
Reg Integrated Services
Best Price! Save Over N30M. 6 Plots. Title: Govmt Gazette. Buy N Build
Premium
9 Video
₦8,500,000 per plot

Mixed-use land for sale

Best Price! Save Over N30M. 6 Plots. Title: Govmt Gazette. Buy N Build

Sweet offer! Dry plots with good title: gazette. 5 mins drive after Dangote Refinery/Lekki Free Zone/Seaport Hurry!! This is the lowest you can get for a gazetted land near the Free trade zone & Refinery. Location is Siriwon, 5 mins drive after Dangote refinery From N700k in 2016 to 8.5m in 2026. This is a deal you shouldn't miss! Just N8. 5m per plot for a 100% gazetted solid dry land just 5 minutes after Dangote refinery. Some estates already sell at N20m and more in this area You can sell easily sell this land at N9m per plot immediately. Some estates even sell at this price today in the area. You can start building immediately. The land is 100% gazetted, it is a solid dry land, it is in great proximity to the lekki ftz/dangote refinery/deep sea port, it is close to the express road and it is the cheapest land with an excellent title you can get around the lekki ftz. . . You buy and get your land immediately and can start work on it instantly. No story! Work is already ongoing. This is a sweet deal no one should miss! You have no worries over any legal issues. We have free daily inspections at our office. You get the following documents immediately and take immediate possession of your land: receipt, contract of sales, deed of assignment and allocation letter. You can start work on your land the next day! Estate name: royal palms villa, Siriwon town Location: Siriwon/Igbekodo. 2mins from the coastal road. About 5 minutes after the Dangote refinery gate Excellent title: lagos state official gazette. Land falls within Siriwon gazette. Free from government acquisition. You can confirm with your surveyor Gazette no: no. 19, vol 40, 22nd feb 2007, page 137. Coordinates: 623962mE; 709525mN; Final Promo Price: N8.5m Please whatsapp or call 08038891314 for enquiries and free inspection

5 Mins After Dangote Refinery/Lekki Ftzone, Siriwon Town, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
668 sqm
Iconview De-Luxe LTD
Affordable Residential Land Offer, Along the Deep Sea Port Axis,
Premium
5 Video
₦6,000,000 per plot

Residential land for sale

Affordable Residential Land Offer, Along the Deep Sea Port Axis,

The Most Affordable Property In Ibeju Leki, Along Dangote's Refinery Axis: Victory garden phase 2 Dangote'S Refinery Axis Property Ibeju-Lekki is one of the most promising areas for land investment, thanks to its rapidly developing infrastructure, growing economy, and proximity to key projects. What better way to be part of the development and growth happening in Ibeju-Lekki than through land investment? Our Valerie Garden Phase 2 Annex , located At Imedu Ibeju-Lekki, has the Dangote Refinery as one of its landmarks. This estate is currently selling for ₦4M/500sqm. Property Details! Location: Imedu Ibeju Lekki Price : 4M/500sqm Benefits! -Modern Gate -Good road network -Central Borehole Re-creational Center a bright future starts with us, invest now! #BritProperties #LandInvestment #IbejuLekki #dangoterefinerylagos

Dangote’s Refinery Axis Victory Garden Phase 2 Annex, Orimedu, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
550 sqm
RC & Co Properties

Showing 1–21 of 1,623 properties

Area Guide

About Ibeju Lekki, Nigeria

The name Ibeju-Lekki is derived from the name of two autonomous communities: Ibeju and Lekki. Ibeju-Lekki shares boundaries with Ogun state to the north, Eti-Osa local government to the west, Epe local government to the east and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. Some of the prominent communities in Ibeju-Lekki include: Abijo, Awoyaya, Lakowe, Bogije, Sapati, Igando-Oloja, Arapagi, oke-odo Elemoro, Akodo, Magbon-Alade, Eleko, Debojo, Solu-Alade, Iwerekun amongst others.

Read the full area guide
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

There are 1,623 available flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Estates, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.