Nigeria Property Centre

Unfurnished Property for Sale in Nigeria

There are 39,159 flats, houses, land and commercial properties for sale across Nigeria as of 25 Sep 2026, with an average price of ₦320M. Every listing is posted by an estate agent or developer you can contact directly — filter by price, type, furnishing and recency to find the right home.

35,701–35,721 of 39,159 properties for sale

Get alerts for this search You'll get alerts for this search

We'll email you when a new listing matches Unfurnished Property for Sale in Nigeria.

Alert on Manage alerts
Premium Plus Top promoted listing
9 Units of Luxury 4 Bedroom Terraces
20 photos
₦150,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

9 Units of Luxury 4 Bedroom Terraces

9 Units of Luxury 4-Bedroom Terraces A well Built Residential development comprising 9 units of spacious 4 bedroom terrace houses, with 2 dedicated parking spaces per unit within the compound. Key Features: Swimming Pool Boys' Quarters 2 Parking Spaces per Unit Secure and well planned residential environment Location: Greenland Estate, Olokonla, Lagos Price: ₦150 Million Net per Unit Title: Governor's Consent in View

Greenland Estate, Olokonla, Ajah, Lagos
4 Beds

Giselle Homes

Newly Built to Taste 4 Bedroom Detached Duplex — Omole Phase 1, Ikeja, Lagos
18
₦550,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Newly Built to Taste 4 Bedroom Detached Duplex

Newly & well built to taste 4bedroom detached duplex with a room bq,in a very lovely location with good proximity to the gate. Features: Well built and spacious rooms all ensuite Self compound Spacious kitchen & high-quality fittings Storeroom Heat Extractor Microwave Gas cooker Spacious living room Open Terrace For Grills & Relaxation Cinema Hall Good parking space for 4cars Well structured & Highly Secured Estate Visitors toilet Laundry area Title:C of O Location: Omole Phase 1,Lagos State Price: ₦550m Net For serious buyer's only call/chat: Folk Homes Ltd 08156796023/09037037742

Omole Phase 1, Ikeja, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 5 toilets 4 Parking
Folk Homes Limited
435SQM Land — Idera, Kosofe, Lagos
9
₦85,000,000

Mixed-use land for sale

435SQM Land

435sqm dry land facing Lagos Ikorodu expressway at Idera after Owode Onirin, Kosofe local government, Lagos State - Close proximity to Owode Onirin - Dry land - Very good for commercial and residential - Owner to slight negotiation Document available: Registered survey plan with family receipt Price: ₦85m (Eighty Five Million Naira Only) For more details contact: Kyrean pco 2303912 We sell property that give rest of mind to all our clients

Idera, Kosofe, Lagos
435 sqm
Kyrean Pco
2,725.02M² Land with 3 Bedroom Flat, 1-Bedroom Flat and 6 Room — Adejokun Street, Off Isheri Road,, Olowora, Magodo, Lagos
3
₦400,000,000

Mixed-use land for sale

2,725.02M² Land with 3 Bedroom Flat, 1-Bedroom Flat and 6 Room

Land measuring approximately 2,725.02m² with 3 Bedroom Flat, 1-Bedroom Flat and 6No Tenement Rooms on it @ 17, Adejokun Street, Off Isheri Road, . Olowora Lagos, Ikeja Lagos. Price: 300Million (Asking) Title: C of O For more information, please contact: Tope Adelegan Consulting! (Chattered Estate Surveyors & Valuers) Call/WhatsApp: 08085840767, 09096697331. Instagram: @topeadeleganconsulting X: @TAConsulting_. Linkedln/YouTube/Facebook/TikTok: Tope Adelegan Consulting. Email: [email protected] Web: www.topeadeleganconsulting.com

Adejokun Street, Off Isheri Road,, Olowora, Magodo, Lagos
2725 sqm
Tope Adelegan Consulting LTD
The Wealthy Place — Irede Estate - Lacampagne Tropicana Resort, Akodo Ise, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
1
₦7,000,000

Mixed-use land for sale

The Wealthy Place

Irede estate Vacant plots of land Location: near the famous "lacampagne tropicanal beach" ibeju-lekki, lagos Size: 500sqm/plot Title: excision & survey plan Price: N7m/plot Enquiries: Matswillander properties 09058918166

Irede Estate - Lacampagne Tropicana Resort, Akodo Ise, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
Matswillander Properties LTD
Elegant Brand New 3 Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplex — Thomas Estate, Ajah, Lagos
16
₦130,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Elegant Brand New 3 Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplex

Elegant Brand New 3 Bedroom Semi-Detached Duplex at Thomas Estate, Ajah, Lagos. Step into luxury with this brand new 4-bedroom semi-detached duplex, crafted to deliver comfort, elegance, and modern living. This stunning home boasts a spacious living and dining area, a fully fitted contemporary kitchen, and four generously sized bedrooms, all en-suite for maximum privacy. The master suite comes with a walk-in closet and a stylish bathroom, while large windows flood the home with natural light. With premium finishes, ample parking space, and a private compound, this duplex offers the perfect blend of sophistication and functionality. Key features: - Brand-new modern design - Contemporary architecture with stylish finishing - Expansive living and dining areas - All rooms en-suite + visitors' toilet - Spacious, fully fitted kitchen with heat extractor - Family lounge - Modern bathrooms with water heaters - Jacuzzi in the master suite - Spacious bedrooms with fitted wardrobes - Located in a serene, gated, and well-secured estate - 24/7 security with excellent infrastructure title: Gazette price: ₦130 Million For further enquiries/ arrangement for inspection, please contact: Emmanuel: +2348177766112(Call/ WhatsApp) Damola: +2348177766183(Call/ WhatsApp) Gabriel: +2348177766550(Call/ WhatsApp) Instagram: @bluehedgerealtors Bluehedge Realtors - Estate agency and Property marketing - Real estate development and Advisory Tel: +234-8032065685 (Call/ WhatsApp), 08177766110-9 (Call/ WhatsApp) Website: www.bluehedgerealtors.com Email: [email protected] Instagram: @bluehedgerealtors

Thomas Estate, Ajah, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets 2 Parking
Bluehedge Realtors
Spacious 5 Bedroom Fully Detached House with Pool — Osapa London, Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
23
₦700,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Spacious 5 Bedroom Fully Detached House with Pool

Now selling Now selling 5Bedroom Detached Duplex With BQ, Pool --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Price700m LocationOsapa London lekki ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Features: Swimming pool. Access Controlled Estate Ante Room Spacious Unit Fully Fitted House pop All Rooms En-suite Calm Serene Environment Water Treatment System Service Quarters Inbuilt Sound System Fully Fitted Kitchen- Modern Contemporary Design. 24hrs Security check permit. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For more details Call +2349011924969, +2347035569186 Email [email protected] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #D_Agency #d_agencyproperties #islandshortlet #d_agencyrent #realestate #invest #investinrealest #investinlekki #investment #forsale #houseforsale #houseinlekki #househunting #developers #developerhouse #buyingandselling #sellinglagos #sellingproperties #realestateinvesting #realestateinlekki #realestateinlagos #dubai #London #Americabase #propertyforsale #propertynigeriapropertycentre #propertypro #instagramproperties #Jesus #topnotchhouseinlagos

Osapa London, Osapa, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 4 Parking
D-Agency Prime Properties Limited
Plots of Land — Aiyetoro, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
1
₦16,000,000 per plot

Mixed-use land for sale

Plots of Land

Welcome to the fasted selling Estate in Lagos! located at Aiyetoro, Ibeju-Lekki, directly opposite the New Airport, with proximity to mega projects like: ️ Lekki Free Trade Zone Lekki Deep Sea Port Dangote Refinery Pan Atlantic University Coscharis Group & Alaro City With a Certificate of Occupancy (C of O), you're guaranteed 100% ownership security, making it one of the safest and most profitable real estate investments today. Available Plots: * 300 SQM -- N9.5M * 500 SQM -- N16M * 1000 SQM -- N70M Special Offer: ️ Just 25% Initial Deposit ️ Spread Balance Over 12 Months -- Interest Free! Key Features Include: Good road network Drainage system Security Street lights Perimeter fencing Green areas This isn't just land -- it's the future of luxury living and business growth in the fastest-developing corridor of West Africa. Call WhatsApp 08139915042

Aiyetoro, Ibeju Lekki, Lagos
500 sqm
Property Nigeria
Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached with BQ, Gym, Cinema, Office Space — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
16
₦1,300,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached with BQ, Gym, Cinema, Office Space

5 Bed Detached House + BQ - Lekki Phase 1 - ₦1.3BN For Sale: Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached House with BQ, Gym, Cinema, Office Space, and Swimming Pool. Location: Lekki Phase 1 Price: ₦1,300,000,000 Title: Governor's Consent Features: Spacious living areas - Ensuite rooms - Modern kitchen fittings - Cinema - Gym - Private office space - Swimming pool - Boys' quarters - Ample parking - Secure estate - 24/7 power & security At House Davanni Realty, we understand that buying a home is more than a transaction,it's the beginning of a new chapter. We offer flexible payment plans on off-plan projects and ready homes to make your dream a reality. Contact Us Today to Schedule a Viewing: Call or WhatsApp: 08051280014 (Daniel) Email: [email protected] Join us and step into a story of luxury, comfort, and elegance. #realestateagent #luxuryliving #dreamhouse #luxurylifestyle #housesinikate #lekkihousesforsale #propertiesinlagos #luxuryrealtor #realestateinvestment #lekkihomes #lekkiapartments

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 6 baths 6 toilets 2 Parking
House Davanni Realty LTD
Spacious 4-Bedroom Penthouse with BQ and Private Rooftop Terrace — Oniru, Victoria Island (VI), Lagos
7
₦450,000,000

House for sale

Spacious 4-Bedroom Penthouse with BQ and Private Rooftop Terrace

4 Bed Penthouse + BQ + Rooftop Terrace -Victoria Island - ₦450M For Sale: Spacious 4-Bedroom Penthouse with BQ and Private Rooftop Terrace in a Secure Gated Estate. Location: Oniru, Victoria Island Price: ₦450,000,000 Title: Governor's Consent Features: Private rooftop terrace - Spacious living room - Ensuite bedrooms - BQ - Gated estate - 24/7 security - 24/7 power supply - Treated water - Ample parking space NB: Property is on the 3rd floor, no elevator. Contact Us Today to Schedule a Viewing: Call or WhatsApp: 08051280014 (Daniel) Email: [email protected] Join us and step into a story of luxury, comfort, and elegance. #realestateagent #luxuryliving #dreamhouse #luxurylifestyle #housesinikate #lekkihousesforsale #propertiesinlagos #luxuryrealtor #realestateinvestment #lekkihomes #lekkiapartments

Oniru, Victoria Island (VI), Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 4 toilets 3 Parking
House Davanni Realty LTD
Spacious & Premium 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with Top Quality Finishing — Lekki Right, Lekki, Lagos
23
₦600,000,000

Terraced duplex for sale

Spacious & Premium 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex with Top Quality Finishing

Spacious & Premium 4 Bedroom Terrace Duplex Location : Lekki Right Price:₦600,000,000 Features: All rooms ensuite - Fitted kitchen with accessories - Fully fitted bathrooms - Ample parking space - Water treatment - Balconies - CCTV - Elevator (Penthouse only) - BQ Title: Governor's Consent Contact Us Today to Schedule a Viewing: Call or WhatsApp: 08051280014 (Daniel) Email: [email protected] Join us and step into a story of luxury, comfort, and elegance. #realestateagent #luxuryliving #dreamhouse #luxurylifestyle #housesinikate #lekkihousesforsale #propertiesinlagos #luxuryrealtor #realestateinvestment #lekkihomes #lekkiapartments

Lekki Right, Lekki, Lagos
4 beds 4 baths 4 toilets 2 Parking
House Davanni Realty LTD
Modern 2-Bedroom Apartments with Premium Amenities — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
12
₦300,000,000

Flat / apartment for sale

Modern 2-Bedroom Apartments with Premium Amenities

Modern 2-Bedroom Apartments with premium amenities, offering comfort, convenience, and secure living in a prime location. Location: Lekki Phase 1 Price: ₦300,000,000 Comes With: All Rooms Ensuite - Fitted Kitchen with Accessories - Fully Fitted Bathrooms - Parking Space - Water Treatment - Balconies - CCTV - Elevator - Gym - Swimming Pool - Secure Estate - Quality Finishes At House Davanni Realty, we understand that buying a home is more than a transaction, it's the beginning of a new chapter. We offer flexible payment plans on off-plan projects and ready homes to make your dream a reality. Contact Us Today to Schedule a Viewing: Call or WhatsApp: 08051280014 (Daniel) Email: [email protected] Join us and step into a story of luxury, comfort, and elegance. #realestateagent #luxuryliving #dreamhouse #luxurylifestyle #housesinikate #lekkihousesforsale #propertiesinlagos #luxuryrealtor #realestateinvestment #lekkihomes #lekkiapartments

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
2 beds 2 baths 2 toilets
House Davanni Realty LTD
Luxury 5-Bedroom Detached Duplex with Top-Class Amenities — Ologolo, Lekki, Lagos
14
₦500,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5-Bedroom Detached Duplex with Top-Class Amenities

Luxury 5-Bedroom Detached Duplex with top-class amenities, offering elegance, comfort, and modern living in a prime location. Location: Ologolo Price: ₦500,000,000 Title & Documents: Global C of O - Building Approval Comes With: All Rooms Ensuite - Fitted Kitchen with Accessories - Fully Fitted Bathrooms - Boys' Quarters (BQ) - Water Treatment - Balconies - CCTV - Cinema - Study / Gym - Swimming Pool - Ample Parking - Quality Finishes - Secure Environment At House Davanni Realty, we understand that buying a home is more than a transaction---it's the beginning of a new chapter. We offer flexible payment plans on off-plan projects and ready homes to make your dream a reality. Contact Us Today to Schedule a Viewing: Call or WhatsApp: 08051280014 (Daniel) Email: [email protected] Join us and step into a story of luxury, comfort, and elegance. #realestateagent #luxuryliving #dreamhouse #luxurylifestyle #housesinikate #lekkihousesforsale #propertiesinlagos #luxuryrealtor #realestateinvestment #lekkihomes #lekkiapartments

Ologolo, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 5 toilets
House Davanni Realty LTD
Ocean View Land Directly Facing the New Coastal Road — Off Monastry Road, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
Verified Photos
5
₦40,000,000 per plot

Land for sale

Ocean View Land Directly Facing the New Coastal Road

King Ocean View Estate, Sangotedo Ajah Lagos is a Premium Coastal Living Facing the New Lagos-Calabar Coastal Road. Welcome to King Ocean View Estate, an exclusive residential development strategically located off Monastery Road, Sangotedo, Ajah Lagos, directly facing the iconic Lagos-Calabar Coastal Road --- Nigeria's newest mega-infrastructure linking Lagos to other coastal states especially the South-South region of Nigeria. King Ocean View Estate is Nestled in one of the most sought-after neighborhoods on the Lekki Peninsula, King Ocean View Estate offers discerning homeowners and smart investors the perfect blend of modern coastal luxury, urban convenience, and high investment returns. Why Invest in King Ocean View Estate, Sangotedo Ajah Lagos? Prime Location: Located just a few minutes from Novare Shoprite Mall, Emperor Estate, Lagos Business School, and premium residential estates along Monastery Road, King Ocean View Estate provides unmatched accessibility to top schools, shopping malls, and leisure spots and modern relaxation beaches Direct Coastal Road Frontage: Enjoy seamless connectivity as your home faces the newly constructed Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway, a game-changing project set to boost property value and economic growth across the region. Luxury & Serenity: King Ocean View Estate offers well-planned plots in a secure, gated community with state-of-the-art infrastructure, 24/7 security, paved road network, green areas, and excellent drainage systems. Ideal for family homes, vacation houses, or buy-and-hold land banking. High roi: Properties in Sangotedo, especially around Monastery Road and the Coastal Road axis, appreciate fast due to rapid urbanization and massive government infrastructure projects --- giving investors significant capital gains in a short time. Flexible Payment Plans: Plots come with genuine titles, zero omonile issues, and flexible installment payment options for every budget. Key Landmarks Near King Ocean View Estate: Novare Shoprite Mall Sangotedo Lagos Business School Emperor Estate Catholic Monastery Crown Estate Lekki Conservation Centre Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway (direct frontage) Perfect For: Residential homes Vacation properties Short-let apartments Buy-and-hold investors Own a Piece of Coastal Luxury in Lagos! Invest in King Ocean View Estate, Sangotedo Ajah Lagos today and secure your future in a fast-developing coastal city. Enjoy premium living with ocean breeze, world-class infrastructure, and massive appreciation potential. Book Your Site Inspection Now! Limited plots available. Call or whatsapp us Now for more enquiries.

Off Monastry Road, Sangotedo, Ajah, Lagos
500 sqm
Donfabulous Homes
Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached House — Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
3
₦850,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached House

for sale Luxury 5-bedroom fully detached house-- lekki phase 1 Stunning back-plot home with private driveway in prime lekki phase 1: - 5 ensuite bedrooms - private swimming pool - cinema room - bq - parking for 7 cars - land size: 550sqm Title: c of o Price: ₦850m (net) Off wọlé olateju street, lekki phase 1, lagos Pictures on request

Lekki Phase 1, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 5 toilets 6 Parking
Loyalty Homes Limited
Newly Built Block of Flats — Iyana Ipaja, Ipaja, Lagos
1
₦140,000,000

Block of flats for sale

Newly Built Block of Flats

Quick Sales Residential Property For Sale --Iyana Ipaja, Lagos Prime Location: Situated in a well-developed area Just 5 minutes drive to the Expressway Secured, fenced and gated compound Property Features: 3 units of 3-Bedroom Flats 1 unit of 2-Bedroom Flat Penthouse with: 1 Room & Parlour Flat 1 Studio Apartment Status: Uncompleted Building -- giving you the freedom to finish to your taste! Asking Price: ₦140m Location: Abekoko, close to NYSC Camp, Iyana Ipaja, Lagos. Inquiries mausi realty08023413642 or ric adekoy 0806 376 8619

Iyana Ipaja, Ipaja, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths 4 toilets
Mausi Realty
Luxuriously Built 3 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex — Ajah, Lagos
10
₦125,000,000

Semi-detached duplex for sale

Luxuriously Built 3 Bedroom Semi Detached Duplex

Luxuriously built 3 bedroom semidetached duplex . : ajah , lagos. Discounted price ; : ₦125,000,000 (3 bedroom with garage) Features; -Fitted Kitchen with accessories -Luxury finishing -Modern Day pop Ceiling -Detailed finishing -Wardrobes -Water heater -Tv console -Heat extractor -Secured Estate -Stamped Concrete Floor -Ample parking space -24hrs Security Title : CofO Building Plan Approval For more information, pricing and private viewing call: 07088739045

Ajah, Lagos
3 beds 3 baths
Edgeline Properties Limited
Plots of Luxury C of O Land — Abijo GRA, Abijo, Lekki, Lagos
1
₦33,500,000 per plot

Mixed-use land for sale

Plots of Luxury C of O Land

Experience lush living! When it comes to luxury and lavish lifestyle, lush haven estate caps it all.... Located at abijo g. R. A lagos, this property presents the best option if a lavish lifestyle is what you desire! Located in close proximity to notable landmarks like: chalcedony school Caleb british intl school Corona school Novare shopping mall and many more! Hurry, subscribe now while offer last!! For inspection and enquiries call or whatsapp 08131315401

Abijo GRA, Abijo, Lekki, Lagos
600 sqm
Valued Properties
Plots of Affordable Land — Abule Paanu Baba Adisa, Ibeju, Lagos
1
₦10,000,000 per plot

Mixed-use land for sale

Plots of Affordable Land

Galaxy residence -- abule pannu, baba adisa, lagos \Looking for that perfect blend of comfort, class, and investment security? Look no further..._ At Galaxy Residence, you're not just buying land, you're owning a future in one of Lagos' fastest-rising residential corridors! Surrounded by iconic landmarks like: Novare Mall (Shoprite Sangotedo)less than 30 mins drive Abijo GRA a prime residential hub Lakowe Golf & Country Estate Pan Atlantic University Amen Estate Phase 2 With just ₦10M for 600SQM (Freehold) , you're stepping into a lifestyle of ease, prestige, and long-term value appreciation. For inspection and enquiries call or Whatsapp 08131315401

Abule Paanu Baba Adisa, Ibeju, Lagos
600 sqm
Valued Properties
Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached House Plus BQ — Mojisola Onikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
18
₦2,500,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Luxury 5 Bedroom Fully Detached House Plus BQ

Oligarch standard 5 bedroom super luxury home with elevator, cinema and swimming pool - Beautiful Contemporary Architecture - Zenith Quality Appurtenances - Home Cinema - Elevator - Astonishing Woodwork - Inbuilt Audio System - Fire Alarm/Smoke Detector - Smart Home Features - Unparalleled Beautiful Aesthetics - Fully Furnished Kitchen - Family Lounge - Luxury Sanitary Wares - Swimming Pool - CCTV surveillance - Boy's Quarters - Ample Parking Space - Beautiful Neighborhood location:ikoyi, lagos price: 2.5B DHV 06Sep25

Mojisola Onikoyi, Ikoyi, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 6 Parking
Ascsl
Smart Luxury 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Pool — Lekky County Homes, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
13
₦330,000,000

Detached duplex for sale

Smart Luxury 5 Bedroom Detached Duplex with Pool

Smart Luxury 5-Bedroom Fully-Detached Duplex with Swimming Pool -- Ikota, Lekki Lagos Experience refined living in this luxury 5-bedroom fully-detached duplex sitting gracefully on a 340 SQM plot in the heart of Ikota. Designed with elegance, functionality, and modern technology in mind, this home perfectly balances comfort with sophistication. Location: Ikota, Lekki Lagos Price: N330m Land size: 340sqm Title: Global C of O Approval: Yes Features include: - Ample car park accommodating 4--5 cars with ease. - A private large swimming pool, perfect for relaxation and entertaining. - A welcoming anteroom that ushers guests into the home. - An expansive living room, beautifully complemented with a piano and natural lighting. - A stylish dining area that seamlessly flows into the living space. - An elegant floating staircase that adds a touch of architectural class. - A fully fitted kitchen with pantry, equipped with modern appliances for convenience. - Five spacious en-suite bedrooms, each designed for comfort and privacy. - A cozy family lounge, ideal for bonding moments. - Smart home automation, giving you control over lighting, security, and ambiance.

Lekky County Homes, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos
5 beds 5 baths 6 toilets 4 Parking
Overhplus Properties Limited

Showing 35,701–35,721 of 39,159 properties

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The average price of furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Nigeria is ₦320,000,000.

Most furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Nigeria are priced between ₦160,000,000 and ₦650,000,000.

Prices for furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Nigeria go up to around ₦11,700,000,000.

Prices for furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Nigeria start from around ₦32,000,000.

There are 39,159 available furnished flats, houses, land and commercial property for sale in Nigeria. You can view and filter the list of property by price, furnishing and recency.